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Glenohumeral Instability and Arm Pain in Overhead Throwing Athletes: A Correlational Study
BACKGROUND: The overhead activity of throwing a baseball is arguably the most demanding athletic endeavor placed on the glenohumeral (GH) joint. Previous studies illustrate that 75-80% of baseball players will experience some degree of upper extremity (UE) pain. GH instability is thought to play a r...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
NASMI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9718690/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36518835 http://dx.doi.org/10.26603/001c.39800 |
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author | Wardell, Max Creighton, Doug Kovalcik, Carter |
author_facet | Wardell, Max Creighton, Doug Kovalcik, Carter |
author_sort | Wardell, Max |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: The overhead activity of throwing a baseball is arguably the most demanding athletic endeavor placed on the glenohumeral (GH) joint. Previous studies illustrate that 75-80% of baseball players will experience some degree of upper extremity (UE) pain. GH instability is thought to play a role. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between GH joint hypermobility and instability with measures of arm pain and performance in overhead throwing athletes. METHODS: Actively competing baseball pitchers were recruited and evaluated once with the anterior-posterior Load and Shift examination procedure, the Kerlan-Jobe Orthopedic Clinic Shoulder and Elbow Questionnaire (KJOC), and the Functional Arm Scale for Throwers (FAST). Multivariate analysis was performed to identify correlation between severe GH capsular laxity (GH instability), mild capsular laxity (GH hypermobility), no capsular laxity (GH normal), and presence of shoulder pain when pitching. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional Study. RESULTS: Forty-five pitchers were evaluated, 62.2% of throwing shoulders were classified normal stability, 26.7% were classified hypermobile, and 11.1% were classified unstable. Average KJOC scores for pitchers with the three mobility categories were 66.1 (normal), 59.7 (hypermobile), and 45.0 (unstable). Average FAST scores among the pitchers were 19.9 (normal), 34.2 (hypermobile), and 32.2 (unstable). Pitchers with GH instability and GH hypermobility demonstrated increased arm pain compared to athletes with normal GH joints; KJOC scores of 3.2, 5.5, and 7.4 (p = 0.0007), respectively. CONCLUSION: Pitchers with GH instability and hypermobility demonstrated significantly increased ratings of arm pain compared to pitchers with no capsular laxity. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3b |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9718690 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | NASMI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-97186902022-12-13 Glenohumeral Instability and Arm Pain in Overhead Throwing Athletes: A Correlational Study Wardell, Max Creighton, Doug Kovalcik, Carter Int J Sports Phys Ther Original Research BACKGROUND: The overhead activity of throwing a baseball is arguably the most demanding athletic endeavor placed on the glenohumeral (GH) joint. Previous studies illustrate that 75-80% of baseball players will experience some degree of upper extremity (UE) pain. GH instability is thought to play a role. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between GH joint hypermobility and instability with measures of arm pain and performance in overhead throwing athletes. METHODS: Actively competing baseball pitchers were recruited and evaluated once with the anterior-posterior Load and Shift examination procedure, the Kerlan-Jobe Orthopedic Clinic Shoulder and Elbow Questionnaire (KJOC), and the Functional Arm Scale for Throwers (FAST). Multivariate analysis was performed to identify correlation between severe GH capsular laxity (GH instability), mild capsular laxity (GH hypermobility), no capsular laxity (GH normal), and presence of shoulder pain when pitching. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional Study. RESULTS: Forty-five pitchers were evaluated, 62.2% of throwing shoulders were classified normal stability, 26.7% were classified hypermobile, and 11.1% were classified unstable. Average KJOC scores for pitchers with the three mobility categories were 66.1 (normal), 59.7 (hypermobile), and 45.0 (unstable). Average FAST scores among the pitchers were 19.9 (normal), 34.2 (hypermobile), and 32.2 (unstable). Pitchers with GH instability and GH hypermobility demonstrated increased arm pain compared to athletes with normal GH joints; KJOC scores of 3.2, 5.5, and 7.4 (p = 0.0007), respectively. CONCLUSION: Pitchers with GH instability and hypermobility demonstrated significantly increased ratings of arm pain compared to pitchers with no capsular laxity. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3b NASMI 2022-12-01 /pmc/articles/PMC9718690/ /pubmed/36518835 http://dx.doi.org/10.26603/001c.39800 Text en https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (4.0) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Original Research Wardell, Max Creighton, Doug Kovalcik, Carter Glenohumeral Instability and Arm Pain in Overhead Throwing Athletes: A Correlational Study |
title | Glenohumeral Instability and Arm Pain in Overhead Throwing Athletes: A Correlational Study |
title_full | Glenohumeral Instability and Arm Pain in Overhead Throwing Athletes: A Correlational Study |
title_fullStr | Glenohumeral Instability and Arm Pain in Overhead Throwing Athletes: A Correlational Study |
title_full_unstemmed | Glenohumeral Instability and Arm Pain in Overhead Throwing Athletes: A Correlational Study |
title_short | Glenohumeral Instability and Arm Pain in Overhead Throwing Athletes: A Correlational Study |
title_sort | glenohumeral instability and arm pain in overhead throwing athletes: a correlational study |
topic | Original Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9718690/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36518835 http://dx.doi.org/10.26603/001c.39800 |
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