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Pupil diameter tracked during motor adaptation in humans

Pupil diameter, under constant illumination, is known to reflect individuals’ internal states, such as surprise about observation and environmental uncertainty. Despite the growing use of pupillometry in cognitive learning studies as an additional measure for examining internal states, few studies h...

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Autores principales: Yokoi, Atsushi, Weiler, Jeffrey
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: American Physiological Society 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9722266/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36197019
http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00021.2022
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author Yokoi, Atsushi
Weiler, Jeffrey
author_facet Yokoi, Atsushi
Weiler, Jeffrey
author_sort Yokoi, Atsushi
collection PubMed
description Pupil diameter, under constant illumination, is known to reflect individuals’ internal states, such as surprise about observation and environmental uncertainty. Despite the growing use of pupillometry in cognitive learning studies as an additional measure for examining internal states, few studies have used pupillometry in human motor learning studies. Here, we provide the first detailed characterization of pupil diameter changes in a short-term reach adaptation paradigm. We measured pupil changes in 121 human participants while they adapted to abrupt, gradual, or switching force field conditions. Sudden increases in movement error caused by the introduction/reversal of the force field resulted in strong phasic pupil dilation during movement accompanied by a transient increase in tonic premovement baseline pupil diameter in subsequent trials. In contrast, pupil responses were reduced when the force field was gradually introduced, indicating that large, unexpected errors drove the changes in pupil responses. Interestingly, however, error-induced pupil responses gradually became insensitive after experiencing multiple force field reversals. We also found an association between baseline pupil diameter and incidental knowledge of the gradually introduced perturbation. Finally, in all experiments, we found a strong co-occurrence of larger baseline pupil diameter with slower reaction and movement times after each rest break. Collectively, these results suggest that tonic baseline pupil diameter reflects one’s belief about environmental uncertainty, whereas phasic pupil dilation during movement reflects surprise about a sensory outcome (i.e., movement error), and both effects are modulated by novelty. Our results provide a new approach for nonverbally assessing participants’ internal states during motor learning. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Pupil diameter is known as a noninvasive window into individuals' internal states. Despite the growing use of pupillometry in cognitive learning studies, it receives little attention in motor learning studies. Here, we characterized the pupil responses in a short-term reach adaptation paradigm by measuring pupil diameter of human participants while they adapted to abrupt, gradual, or switching force field conditions. Our results demonstrate how surprise and uncertainty reflected in pupil diameter develop during motor adaptation.
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spelling pubmed-97222662022-12-15 Pupil diameter tracked during motor adaptation in humans Yokoi, Atsushi Weiler, Jeffrey J Neurophysiol Research Article Pupil diameter, under constant illumination, is known to reflect individuals’ internal states, such as surprise about observation and environmental uncertainty. Despite the growing use of pupillometry in cognitive learning studies as an additional measure for examining internal states, few studies have used pupillometry in human motor learning studies. Here, we provide the first detailed characterization of pupil diameter changes in a short-term reach adaptation paradigm. We measured pupil changes in 121 human participants while they adapted to abrupt, gradual, or switching force field conditions. Sudden increases in movement error caused by the introduction/reversal of the force field resulted in strong phasic pupil dilation during movement accompanied by a transient increase in tonic premovement baseline pupil diameter in subsequent trials. In contrast, pupil responses were reduced when the force field was gradually introduced, indicating that large, unexpected errors drove the changes in pupil responses. Interestingly, however, error-induced pupil responses gradually became insensitive after experiencing multiple force field reversals. We also found an association between baseline pupil diameter and incidental knowledge of the gradually introduced perturbation. Finally, in all experiments, we found a strong co-occurrence of larger baseline pupil diameter with slower reaction and movement times after each rest break. Collectively, these results suggest that tonic baseline pupil diameter reflects one’s belief about environmental uncertainty, whereas phasic pupil dilation during movement reflects surprise about a sensory outcome (i.e., movement error), and both effects are modulated by novelty. Our results provide a new approach for nonverbally assessing participants’ internal states during motor learning. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Pupil diameter is known as a noninvasive window into individuals' internal states. Despite the growing use of pupillometry in cognitive learning studies, it receives little attention in motor learning studies. Here, we characterized the pupil responses in a short-term reach adaptation paradigm by measuring pupil diameter of human participants while they adapted to abrupt, gradual, or switching force field conditions. Our results demonstrate how surprise and uncertainty reflected in pupil diameter develop during motor adaptation. American Physiological Society 2022-11-01 2022-10-05 /pmc/articles/PMC9722266/ /pubmed/36197019 http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00021.2022 Text en Copyright © 2022 The Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution CC-BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . Published by the American Physiological Society.
spellingShingle Research Article
Yokoi, Atsushi
Weiler, Jeffrey
Pupil diameter tracked during motor adaptation in humans
title Pupil diameter tracked during motor adaptation in humans
title_full Pupil diameter tracked during motor adaptation in humans
title_fullStr Pupil diameter tracked during motor adaptation in humans
title_full_unstemmed Pupil diameter tracked during motor adaptation in humans
title_short Pupil diameter tracked during motor adaptation in humans
title_sort pupil diameter tracked during motor adaptation in humans
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9722266/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36197019
http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00021.2022
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