Blood serum analysis: A modified sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay protocol

Blood serum analysis is a versatile tool used in diagnostics, in vivo research, and clinical studies. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a common method used to analyze blood serum cytokine levels; however, commercial kits are costly and not always available for novel or uncommon targets. Here we present a modified ELISA protocol that, once standardized, can be used to measure blood serum levels of any target and minimize the expense of commercial kits. Additionally, this method can be used for novel or unique targets for which commercial options are unavailable. Ultimately, the modified ELISA method is an efficient, cost-effective method of supplementing clinical and in vivo studies with consistently reliable serum cytokine measurements.