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The role of reinforcement learning and value-based decision-making frameworks in understanding food choice and eating behaviors

The obesogenic food environment includes easy access to highly-palatable, energy-dense, “ultra-processed” foods that are heavily marketed to consumers; therefore, it is critical to understand the neurocognitive processes the underlie overeating in response to environmental food-cues (e.g., food imag...

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Autores principales: Pearce, Alaina L., Fuchs, Bari A., Keller, Kathleen L.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9722736/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36483928
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.1021868
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author Pearce, Alaina L.
Fuchs, Bari A.
Keller, Kathleen L.
author_facet Pearce, Alaina L.
Fuchs, Bari A.
Keller, Kathleen L.
author_sort Pearce, Alaina L.
collection PubMed
description The obesogenic food environment includes easy access to highly-palatable, energy-dense, “ultra-processed” foods that are heavily marketed to consumers; therefore, it is critical to understand the neurocognitive processes the underlie overeating in response to environmental food-cues (e.g., food images, food branding/advertisements). Eating habits are learned through reinforcement, which is the process through which environmental food cues become valued and influence behavior. This process is supported by multiple behavioral control systems (e.g., Pavlovian, Habitual, Goal-Directed). Therefore, using neurocognitive frameworks for reinforcement learning and value-based decision-making can improve our understanding of food-choice and eating behaviors. Specifically, the role of reinforcement learning in eating behaviors was considered using the frameworks of (1) Sign-versus Goal-Tracking Phenotypes; (2) Model-Free versus Model-Based; and (3) the Utility or Value-Based Model. The sign-and goal-tracking phenotypes may contribute a mechanistic insight on the role of food-cue incentive salience in two prevailing models of overconsumption–the Extended Behavioral Susceptibility Theory and the Reactivity to Embedded Food Cues in Advertising Model. Similarly, the model-free versus model-based framework may contribute insight to the Extended Behavioral Susceptibility Theory and the Healthy Food Promotion Model. Finally, the value-based model provides a framework for understanding how all three learning systems are integrated to influence food choice. Together, these frameworks can provide mechanistic insight to existing models of food choice and overconsumption and may contribute to the development of future prevention and treatment efforts.
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spelling pubmed-97227362022-12-07 The role of reinforcement learning and value-based decision-making frameworks in understanding food choice and eating behaviors Pearce, Alaina L. Fuchs, Bari A. Keller, Kathleen L. Front Nutr Nutrition The obesogenic food environment includes easy access to highly-palatable, energy-dense, “ultra-processed” foods that are heavily marketed to consumers; therefore, it is critical to understand the neurocognitive processes the underlie overeating in response to environmental food-cues (e.g., food images, food branding/advertisements). Eating habits are learned through reinforcement, which is the process through which environmental food cues become valued and influence behavior. This process is supported by multiple behavioral control systems (e.g., Pavlovian, Habitual, Goal-Directed). Therefore, using neurocognitive frameworks for reinforcement learning and value-based decision-making can improve our understanding of food-choice and eating behaviors. Specifically, the role of reinforcement learning in eating behaviors was considered using the frameworks of (1) Sign-versus Goal-Tracking Phenotypes; (2) Model-Free versus Model-Based; and (3) the Utility or Value-Based Model. The sign-and goal-tracking phenotypes may contribute a mechanistic insight on the role of food-cue incentive salience in two prevailing models of overconsumption–the Extended Behavioral Susceptibility Theory and the Reactivity to Embedded Food Cues in Advertising Model. Similarly, the model-free versus model-based framework may contribute insight to the Extended Behavioral Susceptibility Theory and the Healthy Food Promotion Model. Finally, the value-based model provides a framework for understanding how all three learning systems are integrated to influence food choice. Together, these frameworks can provide mechanistic insight to existing models of food choice and overconsumption and may contribute to the development of future prevention and treatment efforts. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-11-22 /pmc/articles/PMC9722736/ /pubmed/36483928 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.1021868 Text en Copyright © 2022 Pearce, Fuchs and Keller. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Nutrition
Pearce, Alaina L.
Fuchs, Bari A.
Keller, Kathleen L.
The role of reinforcement learning and value-based decision-making frameworks in understanding food choice and eating behaviors
title The role of reinforcement learning and value-based decision-making frameworks in understanding food choice and eating behaviors
title_full The role of reinforcement learning and value-based decision-making frameworks in understanding food choice and eating behaviors
title_fullStr The role of reinforcement learning and value-based decision-making frameworks in understanding food choice and eating behaviors
title_full_unstemmed The role of reinforcement learning and value-based decision-making frameworks in understanding food choice and eating behaviors
title_short The role of reinforcement learning and value-based decision-making frameworks in understanding food choice and eating behaviors
title_sort role of reinforcement learning and value-based decision-making frameworks in understanding food choice and eating behaviors
topic Nutrition
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9722736/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36483928
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.1021868
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