The role of bariatric surgery in liver transplantation: timing and type

INTRODUCTION: The rise in obesity worldwide has shifted the indications for liver transplantation (LT), with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) being the second most common indication for transplantation. There remains an underestimation of cirrhosis being attributed to NASH. Bariatric surgery (BS) is a reliable solution to overcome obesity and its associated comorbidities. The role of BS in LT has been investigated by different studies; however, the type of BS and timing of LT need further investigation. METHODS: A systemic review examining the role of BS in LT patients was performed. After selection of the studies based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, data extraction was performed by two independent reviewers. Primary outcomes included patient and graft survival. RESULTS: From a total of 2374 articles, five met the prefined criteria. One hundred sixty-two patients had both BS + LT and 1426 underwent LT alone. The percentage of female patients in the BS + LT and LT cohorts was 75% and 35% respectively. The average age in BS + LT and LT cohorts was 43.05 vs. 56.22 years respectively. Patients undergoing BS had comparable outcomes in terms of overall patient survival, graft survival and post-operative morbidity compared to LT alone. When comparing BMI change in patients with prior versus simultaneous BS + LT, no significant difference was found. CONCLUSION: BS and LT patients achieve comparable outcomes to general LT populations. Further studies examining simultaneous BS + LT are needed to answer questions concerning patient selection and timing of surgery. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00423-022-02606-5.