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Dinophyceae can use exudates as weapons against the parasite Amoebophrya sp. (Syndiniales)
Parasites in the genus Amoebophrya sp. infest dinoflagellate hosts in marine ecosystems and can be determining factors in the demise of blooms, including toxic red tides. These parasitic protists, however, rarely cause the total collapse of Dinophyceae blooms. Experimental addition of parasite-resis...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Nature Publishing Group UK
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9723556/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37938261 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s43705-021-00035-x |
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author | Long, Marc Marie, Dominique Szymczak, Jeremy Toullec, Jordan Bigeard, Estelle Sourisseau, Marc Le Gac, Mickael Guillou, Laure Jauzein, Cécile |
author_facet | Long, Marc Marie, Dominique Szymczak, Jeremy Toullec, Jordan Bigeard, Estelle Sourisseau, Marc Le Gac, Mickael Guillou, Laure Jauzein, Cécile |
author_sort | Long, Marc |
collection | PubMed |
description | Parasites in the genus Amoebophrya sp. infest dinoflagellate hosts in marine ecosystems and can be determining factors in the demise of blooms, including toxic red tides. These parasitic protists, however, rarely cause the total collapse of Dinophyceae blooms. Experimental addition of parasite-resistant Dinophyceae (Alexandrium minutum or Scrippsiella donghaienis) or exudates into a well-established host-parasite coculture (Scrippsiella acuminata-Amoebophrya sp.) mitigated parasite success and increased the survival of the sensitive host. This effect was mediated by waterborne molecules without the need for a physical contact. The strength of the parasite defenses varied between dinoflagellate species, and strains of A. minutum and was enhanced with increasing resistant host cell concentrations. The addition of resistant strains or exudates never prevented the parasite transmission entirely. Survival time of Amoebophrya sp. free-living stages (dinospores) decreased in presence of A. minutum but not of S. donghaienis. Parasite progeny drastically decreased with both species. Integrity of the dinospore membrane was altered by A. minutum, providing a first indication on the mode of action of anti-parasitic molecules. These results demonstrate that extracellular defenses can be an effective strategy against parasites that protects not only the resistant cells producing them, but also the surrounding community. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9723556 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Nature Publishing Group UK |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-97235562023-01-04 Dinophyceae can use exudates as weapons against the parasite Amoebophrya sp. (Syndiniales) Long, Marc Marie, Dominique Szymczak, Jeremy Toullec, Jordan Bigeard, Estelle Sourisseau, Marc Le Gac, Mickael Guillou, Laure Jauzein, Cécile ISME Commun Article Parasites in the genus Amoebophrya sp. infest dinoflagellate hosts in marine ecosystems and can be determining factors in the demise of blooms, including toxic red tides. These parasitic protists, however, rarely cause the total collapse of Dinophyceae blooms. Experimental addition of parasite-resistant Dinophyceae (Alexandrium minutum or Scrippsiella donghaienis) or exudates into a well-established host-parasite coculture (Scrippsiella acuminata-Amoebophrya sp.) mitigated parasite success and increased the survival of the sensitive host. This effect was mediated by waterborne molecules without the need for a physical contact. The strength of the parasite defenses varied between dinoflagellate species, and strains of A. minutum and was enhanced with increasing resistant host cell concentrations. The addition of resistant strains or exudates never prevented the parasite transmission entirely. Survival time of Amoebophrya sp. free-living stages (dinospores) decreased in presence of A. minutum but not of S. donghaienis. Parasite progeny drastically decreased with both species. Integrity of the dinospore membrane was altered by A. minutum, providing a first indication on the mode of action of anti-parasitic molecules. These results demonstrate that extracellular defenses can be an effective strategy against parasites that protects not only the resistant cells producing them, but also the surrounding community. Nature Publishing Group UK 2021-07-12 /pmc/articles/PMC9723556/ /pubmed/37938261 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s43705-021-00035-x Text en © The Author(s) 2021, corrected publication 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Article Long, Marc Marie, Dominique Szymczak, Jeremy Toullec, Jordan Bigeard, Estelle Sourisseau, Marc Le Gac, Mickael Guillou, Laure Jauzein, Cécile Dinophyceae can use exudates as weapons against the parasite Amoebophrya sp. (Syndiniales) |
title | Dinophyceae can use exudates as weapons against the parasite Amoebophrya sp. (Syndiniales) |
title_full | Dinophyceae can use exudates as weapons against the parasite Amoebophrya sp. (Syndiniales) |
title_fullStr | Dinophyceae can use exudates as weapons against the parasite Amoebophrya sp. (Syndiniales) |
title_full_unstemmed | Dinophyceae can use exudates as weapons against the parasite Amoebophrya sp. (Syndiniales) |
title_short | Dinophyceae can use exudates as weapons against the parasite Amoebophrya sp. (Syndiniales) |
title_sort | dinophyceae can use exudates as weapons against the parasite amoebophrya sp. (syndiniales) |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9723556/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37938261 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s43705-021-00035-x |
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