How to improve the diagnosis of neoplastic transformation of gastric hyperplastic polyps in the context of autoimmune gastritis?: A case report and lierature review

Gastric hyperplastic polyp (GHP) commonly arises in the abnormal background mucosa, which makes it easy to be misdiagnosed and missed, and has a potential risk of malignant transformation over time. Here, we present a case of neoplastic transformation of GHP in a context of autoimmune gastritis (AIG). PATIENT CONCERNS: In 2020, a 67-year-old woman was admitted for endoscopic review 6 years after gastric polyp resection, the histological diagnosis of gastric polyp was neoplastic transformation of GHP as before. The patient had undergone multiple polypectomies at the same part. Then histological examination revealed that partial epithelial hyperplasia and dysplasia, and the neoplastic areas were interlaced with normal mucosa. DIAGNOSES AND INTERVENTIONS: We further found that the background diagnosis was AIG. These results supported the diagnosis of neoplastic transformation of GHP in a context of AIG. With the doubt of missed diagnose, we retrospectively analyzed the medical history in 2014, 2015 and 2016, confirmed the presence of AIG. Unfortunately, serological tests and special treatment were not performed. OUTCOMES: The correct diagnosis was eventually confirmed in 2020, which enables patients to receive normal treatment and monitoring, and avoids further deterioration of the disease. LESSONS: The purpose of this case report is to increase clinical awareness of neoplastic transformation of GHP in a context of AIG, and hope promise for early diagnosis and treatment.