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Revising the stretch reflex threshold method to measure stretch hyperreflexia in cerebral palsy

Hyper-resistance is an increased resistance to passive muscle stretch, a common feature in neurological disorders. Stretch hyperreflexia, an exaggerated stretch reflex response, is the neural velocity-dependent component of hyper-resistance, and has been quantitatively measured using the stretch ref...

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Autores principales: Valadão, Pedro, Bar-On, Lynn, Cenni, Francesco, Piitulainen, Harri, Avela, Janne, Finni, Taija
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9727281/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36507281
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2022.897852
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author Valadão, Pedro
Bar-On, Lynn
Cenni, Francesco
Piitulainen, Harri
Avela, Janne
Finni, Taija
author_facet Valadão, Pedro
Bar-On, Lynn
Cenni, Francesco
Piitulainen, Harri
Avela, Janne
Finni, Taija
author_sort Valadão, Pedro
collection PubMed
description Hyper-resistance is an increased resistance to passive muscle stretch, a common feature in neurological disorders. Stretch hyperreflexia, an exaggerated stretch reflex response, is the neural velocity-dependent component of hyper-resistance, and has been quantitatively measured using the stretch reflex threshold (i.e., joint angle at the stretch reflex electromyographic onset). In this study, we introduce a correction in how the stretch reflex threshold is calculated, by accounting for the stretch reflex latency (i.e., time between the stretch reflex onset at the muscle spindles and its appearance in the electromyographic signal). Furthermore, we evaluated how this correction affects the stretch reflex threshold in children and young adults with spastic cerebral palsy. A motor-driven ankle dynamometer induced passive ankle dorsiflexions at four incremental velocities in 13 children with cerebral palsy (mean age: 13.5 years, eight males). The stretch reflex threshold for soleus and medial gastrocnemius muscles was calculated as 1) the joint angle corresponding to the stretch reflex electromyographic onset (i.e., original method); and as 2) the joint angle corresponding to the electromyographic onset minus the individual Hoffmann-reflex latency (i.e., latency corrected method). The group linear regression slopes between stretch velocity and stretch reflex threshold differed in both muscles between methods (p < 0.05). While the original stretch reflex threshold was velocity dependent in both muscles (p < 0.05), the latency correction rendered it velocity independent. Thus, the effects of latency correction on the stretch reflex threshold are substantial, especially at higher stretch velocities, and should be considered in future studies.
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spelling pubmed-97272812022-12-08 Revising the stretch reflex threshold method to measure stretch hyperreflexia in cerebral palsy Valadão, Pedro Bar-On, Lynn Cenni, Francesco Piitulainen, Harri Avela, Janne Finni, Taija Front Bioeng Biotechnol Bioengineering and Biotechnology Hyper-resistance is an increased resistance to passive muscle stretch, a common feature in neurological disorders. Stretch hyperreflexia, an exaggerated stretch reflex response, is the neural velocity-dependent component of hyper-resistance, and has been quantitatively measured using the stretch reflex threshold (i.e., joint angle at the stretch reflex electromyographic onset). In this study, we introduce a correction in how the stretch reflex threshold is calculated, by accounting for the stretch reflex latency (i.e., time between the stretch reflex onset at the muscle spindles and its appearance in the electromyographic signal). Furthermore, we evaluated how this correction affects the stretch reflex threshold in children and young adults with spastic cerebral palsy. A motor-driven ankle dynamometer induced passive ankle dorsiflexions at four incremental velocities in 13 children with cerebral palsy (mean age: 13.5 years, eight males). The stretch reflex threshold for soleus and medial gastrocnemius muscles was calculated as 1) the joint angle corresponding to the stretch reflex electromyographic onset (i.e., original method); and as 2) the joint angle corresponding to the electromyographic onset minus the individual Hoffmann-reflex latency (i.e., latency corrected method). The group linear regression slopes between stretch velocity and stretch reflex threshold differed in both muscles between methods (p < 0.05). While the original stretch reflex threshold was velocity dependent in both muscles (p < 0.05), the latency correction rendered it velocity independent. Thus, the effects of latency correction on the stretch reflex threshold are substantial, especially at higher stretch velocities, and should be considered in future studies. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-11-23 /pmc/articles/PMC9727281/ /pubmed/36507281 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2022.897852 Text en Copyright © 2022 Valadão, Bar-On, Cenni, Piitulainen, Avela and Finni. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Bioengineering and Biotechnology
Valadão, Pedro
Bar-On, Lynn
Cenni, Francesco
Piitulainen, Harri
Avela, Janne
Finni, Taija
Revising the stretch reflex threshold method to measure stretch hyperreflexia in cerebral palsy
title Revising the stretch reflex threshold method to measure stretch hyperreflexia in cerebral palsy
title_full Revising the stretch reflex threshold method to measure stretch hyperreflexia in cerebral palsy
title_fullStr Revising the stretch reflex threshold method to measure stretch hyperreflexia in cerebral palsy
title_full_unstemmed Revising the stretch reflex threshold method to measure stretch hyperreflexia in cerebral palsy
title_short Revising the stretch reflex threshold method to measure stretch hyperreflexia in cerebral palsy
title_sort revising the stretch reflex threshold method to measure stretch hyperreflexia in cerebral palsy
topic Bioengineering and Biotechnology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9727281/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36507281
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2022.897852
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