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Decoding the molecular cascade of embryonic-uterine modulators in pregnancy loss of PCOS mother- an “in vivo” study
BACKGROUND: Polycystic ovary syndrome is associated with an increased rate of spontaneous abortion/early pregnancy loss and pups delivered to PCOS animals were abnormal. Currently, assisted reproductive technology has been used to help numerous infertile couples to have their babies. However, there...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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BioMed Central
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9727897/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36476384 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12958-022-01041-x |
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author | Dhadhal, Shivani Nampoothiri, Laxmipriya |
author_facet | Dhadhal, Shivani Nampoothiri, Laxmipriya |
author_sort | Dhadhal, Shivani |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Polycystic ovary syndrome is associated with an increased rate of spontaneous abortion/early pregnancy loss and pups delivered to PCOS animals were abnormal. Currently, assisted reproductive technology has been used to help numerous infertile couples to have their babies. However, there is a low implantation rate after the transfer of embryos. Till now, it could not be concluded whether the reduced pregnancy rates observed were due to abnormal embryos or endometrial modification. Further, transgenic mouse models have been used to find out the molecular deficits behind early pregnancy complications. But, the deletion of crucial genes could lead to systemic deficiencies/embryonic lethality. Also, pregnancy is a complex process with overlapping expression patterns making it challenging to mimic their stage-specific role. Therefore, the motive of the current study was to investigate the probable molecular cascade to decipher the early pregnancy loss in the letrozole-induced PCOS mouse model. METHODS: PCOS was induced in mice by oral administration of letrozole daily for 21 days. Following, the pregnancy was established and animals were sacrificed on the day 6th of pregnancy. Animals were assessed for early pregnancy loss, hormonal profile, mRNA expression of steroid receptors (Ar, Pr, Esr1/2), decidualization markers (Hox10/11a), adhesion markers (Itgavb3, Itga4b1), matrix metalloproteinases and their endogenous inhibitor (Mmp2/9, Timp1/2) and key mediators of LIF/STAT pathway (Lif, Lifr, gp130, stat3) were analyzed in the embryo implanted region of the uterus. Morphological changes in ovaries and implanted regions of the uterus were assessed. RESULTS: Mice treated with letrozole demonstrated significant increases in testosterone levels along with a decline in progesterone levels as compared to control animals. PCOS animals also exhibited decreased fertility index and disrupted ovarian and embryo-containing uterus histopathology. Altered gene expression of the steroid receptors and reduced expression of Hox10a, integrins, Mmp9, Timp1/3, Gp130 & Stat3 was observed in the implanted region of the uterus of PCOS animals. CONCLUSION: Our results reveal that majority of the molecular markers alteration in the establishment of early pregnancy could be due to the aberrant progesterone signaling in the embryonic-uterine tissue of PCOS animals, which further translates into poor fetal outcomes as observed in the current study and in several IVF patients. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12958-022-01041-x. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9727897 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-97278972022-12-08 Decoding the molecular cascade of embryonic-uterine modulators in pregnancy loss of PCOS mother- an “in vivo” study Dhadhal, Shivani Nampoothiri, Laxmipriya Reprod Biol Endocrinol Research BACKGROUND: Polycystic ovary syndrome is associated with an increased rate of spontaneous abortion/early pregnancy loss and pups delivered to PCOS animals were abnormal. Currently, assisted reproductive technology has been used to help numerous infertile couples to have their babies. However, there is a low implantation rate after the transfer of embryos. Till now, it could not be concluded whether the reduced pregnancy rates observed were due to abnormal embryos or endometrial modification. Further, transgenic mouse models have been used to find out the molecular deficits behind early pregnancy complications. But, the deletion of crucial genes could lead to systemic deficiencies/embryonic lethality. Also, pregnancy is a complex process with overlapping expression patterns making it challenging to mimic their stage-specific role. Therefore, the motive of the current study was to investigate the probable molecular cascade to decipher the early pregnancy loss in the letrozole-induced PCOS mouse model. METHODS: PCOS was induced in mice by oral administration of letrozole daily for 21 days. Following, the pregnancy was established and animals were sacrificed on the day 6th of pregnancy. Animals were assessed for early pregnancy loss, hormonal profile, mRNA expression of steroid receptors (Ar, Pr, Esr1/2), decidualization markers (Hox10/11a), adhesion markers (Itgavb3, Itga4b1), matrix metalloproteinases and their endogenous inhibitor (Mmp2/9, Timp1/2) and key mediators of LIF/STAT pathway (Lif, Lifr, gp130, stat3) were analyzed in the embryo implanted region of the uterus. Morphological changes in ovaries and implanted regions of the uterus were assessed. RESULTS: Mice treated with letrozole demonstrated significant increases in testosterone levels along with a decline in progesterone levels as compared to control animals. PCOS animals also exhibited decreased fertility index and disrupted ovarian and embryo-containing uterus histopathology. Altered gene expression of the steroid receptors and reduced expression of Hox10a, integrins, Mmp9, Timp1/3, Gp130 & Stat3 was observed in the implanted region of the uterus of PCOS animals. CONCLUSION: Our results reveal that majority of the molecular markers alteration in the establishment of early pregnancy could be due to the aberrant progesterone signaling in the embryonic-uterine tissue of PCOS animals, which further translates into poor fetal outcomes as observed in the current study and in several IVF patients. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12958-022-01041-x. BioMed Central 2022-12-07 /pmc/articles/PMC9727897/ /pubmed/36476384 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12958-022-01041-x Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. |
spellingShingle | Research Dhadhal, Shivani Nampoothiri, Laxmipriya Decoding the molecular cascade of embryonic-uterine modulators in pregnancy loss of PCOS mother- an “in vivo” study |
title | Decoding the molecular cascade of embryonic-uterine modulators in pregnancy loss of PCOS mother- an “in vivo” study |
title_full | Decoding the molecular cascade of embryonic-uterine modulators in pregnancy loss of PCOS mother- an “in vivo” study |
title_fullStr | Decoding the molecular cascade of embryonic-uterine modulators in pregnancy loss of PCOS mother- an “in vivo” study |
title_full_unstemmed | Decoding the molecular cascade of embryonic-uterine modulators in pregnancy loss of PCOS mother- an “in vivo” study |
title_short | Decoding the molecular cascade of embryonic-uterine modulators in pregnancy loss of PCOS mother- an “in vivo” study |
title_sort | decoding the molecular cascade of embryonic-uterine modulators in pregnancy loss of pcos mother- an “in vivo” study |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9727897/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36476384 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12958-022-01041-x |
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