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Hypomagnesaemia – One Cause To Remember!
A 71-year-old female presented with 5 days of diarrhoea and asthenia. Past medical history of rheumatoid arthritis, arterial hypertension, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and chronic gastritis was treated with leflunomide, deflazacort, esomeprazole, carvedilol and spironolactone. At admission, the patie...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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SMC Media Srl
2022
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9728218/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36506733 http://dx.doi.org/10.12890/2022_003637 |
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author | Viegas, Ana Filipa Lopes, Andreia Ferreira Moreira Almeida, Catarina C. Ennis, Giovana Tavares, João Pedro |
author_facet | Viegas, Ana Filipa Lopes, Andreia Ferreira Moreira Almeida, Catarina C. Ennis, Giovana Tavares, João Pedro |
author_sort | Viegas, Ana Filipa |
collection | PubMed |
description | A 71-year-old female presented with 5 days of diarrhoea and asthenia. Past medical history of rheumatoid arthritis, arterial hypertension, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and chronic gastritis was treated with leflunomide, deflazacort, esomeprazole, carvedilol and spironolactone. At admission, the patient’s physical examination showed signs of dehydration. Lab results revealed leucocytosis, increased C-reactive protein, hypomagnesaemia, hypocalcaemia and hypokalaemia. A presumption of acute infectious diarrhoea causing hypomagnesaemia with hypocalcaemia and hypokalaemia was made. She was started on ciprofloxacin, IV hydration and electrolyte supplementation with an adequate response. However, magnesium levels fell repeatedly. After excluding other causes for hypomagnesaemia, chronic use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) was considered a plausible cause therefore PPI was discontinued, with normalisation of magnesium levels. Hypomagnesaemia is a common disturbance, mainly caused by diarrhoea, gastrointestinal malabsorption, medications, alcoholism and volume expansion. Clinical manifestations include neuromuscular symptoms, cardiovascular manifestations, hypokalaemia and changes in calcium metabolism. PPI-related hypomagnesaemia has been described in later years particularly in chronic use cases, with a medium prevalence of 27%, but further studies remain necessary to clarify its pathophysiologic mechanism. Since PPIs are widely used, it is essential to be aware of hypomagnesaemia as a possible side effect, particularly in refractory cases and after excluding other common causes. LEARNING POINTS: PPIs-related hypomagnesaemia should be a concern, especially in cases with refractory hypomagnesaemia and after excluding other common causes. Formal indication for PPIs use should be revised in most patients. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9728218 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | SMC Media Srl |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-97282182022-12-08 Hypomagnesaemia – One Cause To Remember! Viegas, Ana Filipa Lopes, Andreia Ferreira Moreira Almeida, Catarina C. Ennis, Giovana Tavares, João Pedro Eur J Case Rep Intern Med Articles A 71-year-old female presented with 5 days of diarrhoea and asthenia. Past medical history of rheumatoid arthritis, arterial hypertension, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and chronic gastritis was treated with leflunomide, deflazacort, esomeprazole, carvedilol and spironolactone. At admission, the patient’s physical examination showed signs of dehydration. Lab results revealed leucocytosis, increased C-reactive protein, hypomagnesaemia, hypocalcaemia and hypokalaemia. A presumption of acute infectious diarrhoea causing hypomagnesaemia with hypocalcaemia and hypokalaemia was made. She was started on ciprofloxacin, IV hydration and electrolyte supplementation with an adequate response. However, magnesium levels fell repeatedly. After excluding other causes for hypomagnesaemia, chronic use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) was considered a plausible cause therefore PPI was discontinued, with normalisation of magnesium levels. Hypomagnesaemia is a common disturbance, mainly caused by diarrhoea, gastrointestinal malabsorption, medications, alcoholism and volume expansion. Clinical manifestations include neuromuscular symptoms, cardiovascular manifestations, hypokalaemia and changes in calcium metabolism. PPI-related hypomagnesaemia has been described in later years particularly in chronic use cases, with a medium prevalence of 27%, but further studies remain necessary to clarify its pathophysiologic mechanism. Since PPIs are widely used, it is essential to be aware of hypomagnesaemia as a possible side effect, particularly in refractory cases and after excluding other common causes. LEARNING POINTS: PPIs-related hypomagnesaemia should be a concern, especially in cases with refractory hypomagnesaemia and after excluding other common causes. Formal indication for PPIs use should be revised in most patients. SMC Media Srl 2022-11-11 /pmc/articles/PMC9728218/ /pubmed/36506733 http://dx.doi.org/10.12890/2022_003637 Text en © EFIM 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This article is licensed under a Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) |
spellingShingle | Articles Viegas, Ana Filipa Lopes, Andreia Ferreira Moreira Almeida, Catarina C. Ennis, Giovana Tavares, João Pedro Hypomagnesaemia – One Cause To Remember! |
title | Hypomagnesaemia – One Cause To Remember! |
title_full | Hypomagnesaemia – One Cause To Remember! |
title_fullStr | Hypomagnesaemia – One Cause To Remember! |
title_full_unstemmed | Hypomagnesaemia – One Cause To Remember! |
title_short | Hypomagnesaemia – One Cause To Remember! |
title_sort | hypomagnesaemia – one cause to remember! |
topic | Articles |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9728218/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36506733 http://dx.doi.org/10.12890/2022_003637 |
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