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Exposure to endosulfan can cause long term effects on general biology, including the reproductive system of mice
Increased infertility in humans is attributed to the increased use of environmental chemicals in the last several decades. Various studies have identified pesticides as one of the causes of reproductive toxicity. In a previous study, infertility was observed in male mice due to testicular atrophy an...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9729358/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36506329 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2022.1047746 |
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author | Sharma, Anju Kaninathan, Arigesavan Dahal, Sumedha Kumari, Susmita Choudhary, Bibha Raghavan, Sathees C. |
author_facet | Sharma, Anju Kaninathan, Arigesavan Dahal, Sumedha Kumari, Susmita Choudhary, Bibha Raghavan, Sathees C. |
author_sort | Sharma, Anju |
collection | PubMed |
description | Increased infertility in humans is attributed to the increased use of environmental chemicals in the last several decades. Various studies have identified pesticides as one of the causes of reproductive toxicity. In a previous study, infertility was observed in male mice due to testicular atrophy and decreased sperm count when a sublethal dose of endosulfan (3 mg/kg) with a serum concentration of 23 μg/L was used. However, the serum concentration of endosulfan was much higher (up to 500 μg/L) in people living in endosulfan-exposed areas compared to the one used in the investigation. To mimic the situation in an experimental setup, mice were exposed to 5 mg/kg body weight of endosulfan, and reproductive toxicity and long-term impact on the general biology of animals were examined. HPLC analysis revealed a serum concentration of ∼50 μg/L of endosulfan after 24 h endosulfan exposure affected the normal physiology of mice. Histopathological studies suggest a persistent, severe effect on reproductive organs where vacuole degeneration of basal germinal epithelial cells and degradation of the interstitial matrix were observed in testes. Ovaries showed a reduction in the number of mature Graafian follicles. At the same time, mild vacuolation in liver hepatocytes and changes in the architecture of the lungs were observed. Endosulfan exposure induced DNA damage and mutations in germ cells at the molecular level. Interestingly, even after 8 months of endosulfan exposure, we observed increased DNA breaks in reproductive tissues. An increased DNA Ligase III expression was also observed, consistent with reported elevated levels of MMEJ-mediated repair. Further, we observed the generation of tumors in a few of the treated mice with time. Thus, the study not only explores the changes in the general biology of the mice upon exposure to endosulfan but also describes the molecular mechanism of its long-term effects. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9729358 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-97293582022-12-09 Exposure to endosulfan can cause long term effects on general biology, including the reproductive system of mice Sharma, Anju Kaninathan, Arigesavan Dahal, Sumedha Kumari, Susmita Choudhary, Bibha Raghavan, Sathees C. Front Genet Genetics Increased infertility in humans is attributed to the increased use of environmental chemicals in the last several decades. Various studies have identified pesticides as one of the causes of reproductive toxicity. In a previous study, infertility was observed in male mice due to testicular atrophy and decreased sperm count when a sublethal dose of endosulfan (3 mg/kg) with a serum concentration of 23 μg/L was used. However, the serum concentration of endosulfan was much higher (up to 500 μg/L) in people living in endosulfan-exposed areas compared to the one used in the investigation. To mimic the situation in an experimental setup, mice were exposed to 5 mg/kg body weight of endosulfan, and reproductive toxicity and long-term impact on the general biology of animals were examined. HPLC analysis revealed a serum concentration of ∼50 μg/L of endosulfan after 24 h endosulfan exposure affected the normal physiology of mice. Histopathological studies suggest a persistent, severe effect on reproductive organs where vacuole degeneration of basal germinal epithelial cells and degradation of the interstitial matrix were observed in testes. Ovaries showed a reduction in the number of mature Graafian follicles. At the same time, mild vacuolation in liver hepatocytes and changes in the architecture of the lungs were observed. Endosulfan exposure induced DNA damage and mutations in germ cells at the molecular level. Interestingly, even after 8 months of endosulfan exposure, we observed increased DNA breaks in reproductive tissues. An increased DNA Ligase III expression was also observed, consistent with reported elevated levels of MMEJ-mediated repair. Further, we observed the generation of tumors in a few of the treated mice with time. Thus, the study not only explores the changes in the general biology of the mice upon exposure to endosulfan but also describes the molecular mechanism of its long-term effects. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-11-24 /pmc/articles/PMC9729358/ /pubmed/36506329 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2022.1047746 Text en Copyright © 2022 Sharma, Kaninathan, Dahal, Kumari, Choudhary and Raghavan. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Genetics Sharma, Anju Kaninathan, Arigesavan Dahal, Sumedha Kumari, Susmita Choudhary, Bibha Raghavan, Sathees C. Exposure to endosulfan can cause long term effects on general biology, including the reproductive system of mice |
title | Exposure to endosulfan can cause long term effects on general biology, including the reproductive system of mice |
title_full | Exposure to endosulfan can cause long term effects on general biology, including the reproductive system of mice |
title_fullStr | Exposure to endosulfan can cause long term effects on general biology, including the reproductive system of mice |
title_full_unstemmed | Exposure to endosulfan can cause long term effects on general biology, including the reproductive system of mice |
title_short | Exposure to endosulfan can cause long term effects on general biology, including the reproductive system of mice |
title_sort | exposure to endosulfan can cause long term effects on general biology, including the reproductive system of mice |
topic | Genetics |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9729358/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36506329 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2022.1047746 |
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