Assessment of clinical outcome of surgically managed panfacial fractures with or without ancillary procedures. A 10-year retrospective study

PURPOSE: The aim of this retrospective study is to analyze the demographic factors, different patterns, complications, and clinical outcomes based on various ancillary surgical procedures performed during the management of panfacial fractures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients diagnosed with panfacial fractures, who underwent surgical management from 2011 to 2020 were included. The predictor variable was five ancillary surgical procedures, orbital reconstruction with autogenous bone graft, primary nasal bone grafting, open reduction and internal fixation or custom-made palatal splint for palatal fractures, ORIF for zygomatic arch fractures, and reattachment of Medical Canthal Ligament. The outcome variable was post-operative complications. Age, sex, etiology of trauma and pattern of panfacial fractures were the co-variates for the study. The incidence of complications with or without performing ancillary surgical procedures was analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 1028 patients were treated for various maxillofacial trauma from 2011 to 2020.103 patients were diagnosed with panfacial fractures. 27 of 103 patients were excluded, 76 patients were included in the study with strict adherence to the inclusion criteria. Statistical Analysis was done using SPSS software version 23.0. Chi-Square test was performed to analyze the incidence of complication and fracture pattern. The results were statistically significant for three procedures which included orbital reconstruction, primary nasal bone grafting, and ORIF for palatal fractures with p-value, 0.032, 0.022, and 0.012 respectively. CONCLUSION: The results suggested that performing ancillary procedures in the management of panfacial fractures significantly reduces the incidence of postoperative complications and improves the clinical outcome.