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Impact of intestinal microbiota on metabolic toxicity and potential detoxification of amygdalin

Amygdalin (Amy) is metabolized into cyanide in vivo, which may lead to fatal poisoning after oral administration. The defense mechanisms against toxic cyanide have not yet been adequately studied. In this study, comparative toxicokinetics study of Amy was performed in normal and pseudo germ-free rat...

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Autores principales: Wen, Qiuyu, Yu, Shen, Wang, Shanshan, Qin, Yan, Xia, Quan, Wang, Sheng, Chen, Guanjun, Shen, Chenlin, Song, Shuai
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9730245/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36504787
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.1030516
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author Wen, Qiuyu
Yu, Shen
Wang, Shanshan
Qin, Yan
Xia, Quan
Wang, Sheng
Chen, Guanjun
Shen, Chenlin
Song, Shuai
author_facet Wen, Qiuyu
Yu, Shen
Wang, Shanshan
Qin, Yan
Xia, Quan
Wang, Sheng
Chen, Guanjun
Shen, Chenlin
Song, Shuai
author_sort Wen, Qiuyu
collection PubMed
description Amygdalin (Amy) is metabolized into cyanide in vivo, which may lead to fatal poisoning after oral administration. The defense mechanisms against toxic cyanide have not yet been adequately studied. In this study, comparative toxicokinetics study of Amy was performed in normal and pseudo germ-free rats. The efficiency of cyanide release was significant higher in normal group when given a single oral dose of 440 mg/kg (50% median lethal dose). Thiocyanate, the detoxification metabolite, was firstly detected in feces, caecum, and intestinal microbiota incubation enzymic system. The results suggest intestinal microbiota is involved in bidirectional regulation of toxicity and detoxification of Amy. We further identified the species related to cyanogenesis of Amy with metagenomic sequencing, such as Bifidobacterium pseudolongum, Marvinbryantia formatexigens, and Bacteroides fragilis. Functional analysis of microbiota reveals the detoxification potential of intestinal microbiota for cyanide. Sulfurtransferase superfamily, such as rhodanese, considered as main detoxification enzymes for cyanide, are largely found in Coriobacteriaceae bacterium, Butyricicoccus porcorum, Akkermansia muciniphila, etc. Besides, cyanoamino acid metabolism pathway dominated by Escherichia coli may contribute to the detoxification metabolism of cyanide. In summary, intestinal microbiota may be the first line of defense against the toxicity induced by Amy.
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spelling pubmed-97302452022-12-09 Impact of intestinal microbiota on metabolic toxicity and potential detoxification of amygdalin Wen, Qiuyu Yu, Shen Wang, Shanshan Qin, Yan Xia, Quan Wang, Sheng Chen, Guanjun Shen, Chenlin Song, Shuai Front Microbiol Microbiology Amygdalin (Amy) is metabolized into cyanide in vivo, which may lead to fatal poisoning after oral administration. The defense mechanisms against toxic cyanide have not yet been adequately studied. In this study, comparative toxicokinetics study of Amy was performed in normal and pseudo germ-free rats. The efficiency of cyanide release was significant higher in normal group when given a single oral dose of 440 mg/kg (50% median lethal dose). Thiocyanate, the detoxification metabolite, was firstly detected in feces, caecum, and intestinal microbiota incubation enzymic system. The results suggest intestinal microbiota is involved in bidirectional regulation of toxicity and detoxification of Amy. We further identified the species related to cyanogenesis of Amy with metagenomic sequencing, such as Bifidobacterium pseudolongum, Marvinbryantia formatexigens, and Bacteroides fragilis. Functional analysis of microbiota reveals the detoxification potential of intestinal microbiota for cyanide. Sulfurtransferase superfamily, such as rhodanese, considered as main detoxification enzymes for cyanide, are largely found in Coriobacteriaceae bacterium, Butyricicoccus porcorum, Akkermansia muciniphila, etc. Besides, cyanoamino acid metabolism pathway dominated by Escherichia coli may contribute to the detoxification metabolism of cyanide. In summary, intestinal microbiota may be the first line of defense against the toxicity induced by Amy. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-11-24 /pmc/articles/PMC9730245/ /pubmed/36504787 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.1030516 Text en Copyright © 2022 Wen, Yu, Wang, Qin, Xia, Wang, Chen, Shen and Song. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Microbiology
Wen, Qiuyu
Yu, Shen
Wang, Shanshan
Qin, Yan
Xia, Quan
Wang, Sheng
Chen, Guanjun
Shen, Chenlin
Song, Shuai
Impact of intestinal microbiota on metabolic toxicity and potential detoxification of amygdalin
title Impact of intestinal microbiota on metabolic toxicity and potential detoxification of amygdalin
title_full Impact of intestinal microbiota on metabolic toxicity and potential detoxification of amygdalin
title_fullStr Impact of intestinal microbiota on metabolic toxicity and potential detoxification of amygdalin
title_full_unstemmed Impact of intestinal microbiota on metabolic toxicity and potential detoxification of amygdalin
title_short Impact of intestinal microbiota on metabolic toxicity and potential detoxification of amygdalin
title_sort impact of intestinal microbiota on metabolic toxicity and potential detoxification of amygdalin
topic Microbiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9730245/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36504787
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.1030516
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