Analysis of Factors Related to Neonatal Infection and Monitoring of Bacterial Drug Resistance

Objective To study the factors related to neonatal infection, as well as bacterial distribution and drug resistance in neonatal infections, in an obstetrics and gynecology hospital in Shanghai. Methods The bacterial culture and drug resistance monitoring results from neonates treated at the hospital from January 2020 to June 2021 were analyzed and compared with the data for children and newborns from the national bacterial resistance surveillance report. Results Among the 209 bacterial strains isolated from infected neonates, 90 were gram-positive, including the four most common isolates: coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus, and Streptococcus agalactiae. The remaining 119 strains were gram-negative and included Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Enterobacter aerogenes. The drug sensitivity results showed that the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates were sensitive to linezolid, vancomycin, rifampicin, levofloxacin, and gentamicin. All Klebsiella pneumoniaisolates were sensitive to amikacin, ertapenem, imipenem, and gentamicin. These two strains were resistant to other antibiotics to varying degrees. Conclusions Understanding the distribution and drug resistance of bacterial pathogens is vital for guiding the rational selection of antibiotics and reducing neonatal mortality and nosocomial infections.