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A haplodiploid mite adjusts fecundity and sex ratio in response to density changes during the reproductive period

Population density is one of the main socio-environmental factors that have critical impacts on reproduction of animals. Consequently, they need to adjust their reproductive strategies in response to changes of local population density. In this study we used a haplodiploid spider mite, Tetranychus l...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Weerawansha, Nuwan, Wang, Qiao, He, Xiong Zhao
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Springer International Publishing 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9732065/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36242724
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10493-022-00749-0
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author Weerawansha, Nuwan
Wang, Qiao
He, Xiong Zhao
author_facet Weerawansha, Nuwan
Wang, Qiao
He, Xiong Zhao
author_sort Weerawansha, Nuwan
collection PubMed
description Population density is one of the main socio-environmental factors that have critical impacts on reproduction of animals. Consequently, they need to adjust their reproductive strategies in response to changes of local population density. In this study we used a haplodiploid spider mite, Tetranychus ludeni Zacher (Acari: Tetranychidae), to test how population density dynamics during the reproductive period altered female reproductive performance. We demonstrate that females produced fewer eggs with a significantly higher female-biased sex ratio in dense populations. Reducing fecundity and increasing daughter production in a dense environment could be an advantageous strategy to minimise the intensity of local food competition. However, females also reduced their fecundity after arrival in a new site of larger area from a dense population, which may be associated with higher web production costs because females need to produce more webs to cover the larger area. There was no trade-off between egg number and size, and egg size had little impact on reproductive fitness. Therefore, T. ludeni females could adapt to the shift of population density during their reproductive period by manipulating the fecundity and offspring sex ratio but not the egg size.
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spelling pubmed-97320652022-12-10 A haplodiploid mite adjusts fecundity and sex ratio in response to density changes during the reproductive period Weerawansha, Nuwan Wang, Qiao He, Xiong Zhao Exp Appl Acarol Article Population density is one of the main socio-environmental factors that have critical impacts on reproduction of animals. Consequently, they need to adjust their reproductive strategies in response to changes of local population density. In this study we used a haplodiploid spider mite, Tetranychus ludeni Zacher (Acari: Tetranychidae), to test how population density dynamics during the reproductive period altered female reproductive performance. We demonstrate that females produced fewer eggs with a significantly higher female-biased sex ratio in dense populations. Reducing fecundity and increasing daughter production in a dense environment could be an advantageous strategy to minimise the intensity of local food competition. However, females also reduced their fecundity after arrival in a new site of larger area from a dense population, which may be associated with higher web production costs because females need to produce more webs to cover the larger area. There was no trade-off between egg number and size, and egg size had little impact on reproductive fitness. Therefore, T. ludeni females could adapt to the shift of population density during their reproductive period by manipulating the fecundity and offspring sex ratio but not the egg size. Springer International Publishing 2022-10-15 2022 /pmc/articles/PMC9732065/ /pubmed/36242724 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10493-022-00749-0 Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Article
Weerawansha, Nuwan
Wang, Qiao
He, Xiong Zhao
A haplodiploid mite adjusts fecundity and sex ratio in response to density changes during the reproductive period
title A haplodiploid mite adjusts fecundity and sex ratio in response to density changes during the reproductive period
title_full A haplodiploid mite adjusts fecundity and sex ratio in response to density changes during the reproductive period
title_fullStr A haplodiploid mite adjusts fecundity and sex ratio in response to density changes during the reproductive period
title_full_unstemmed A haplodiploid mite adjusts fecundity and sex ratio in response to density changes during the reproductive period
title_short A haplodiploid mite adjusts fecundity and sex ratio in response to density changes during the reproductive period
title_sort haplodiploid mite adjusts fecundity and sex ratio in response to density changes during the reproductive period
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9732065/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36242724
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10493-022-00749-0
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