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The role of the intestinal microbiome in antiphospholipid syndrome

The antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a thrombotic autoimmune disease in which the origin of the disease-characterizing autoantibodies is unknown. Increased research effort into the role of the intestinal microbiome in autoimmunity has produced new insights in this field. This scoping review focuss...

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Autores principales: van Mourik, Dagmar J. M., Salet, Dorien M., Middeldorp, Saskia, Nieuwdorp, Max, van Mens, Thijs E.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9732728/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36505427
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.954764
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author van Mourik, Dagmar J. M.
Salet, Dorien M.
Middeldorp, Saskia
Nieuwdorp, Max
van Mens, Thijs E.
author_facet van Mourik, Dagmar J. M.
Salet, Dorien M.
Middeldorp, Saskia
Nieuwdorp, Max
van Mens, Thijs E.
author_sort van Mourik, Dagmar J. M.
collection PubMed
description The antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a thrombotic autoimmune disease in which the origin of the disease-characterizing autoantibodies is unknown. Increased research effort into the role of the intestinal microbiome in autoimmunity has produced new insights in this field. This scoping review focusses on the gut microbiome in its relation to APS. EMBASE and MEDLINE were searched for original studies with relevance to the relation between the gut microbiome and APS. Thirty studies were included. Work on systemic lupus erythematosus, which strongly overlaps with APS, has shown that patients often display an altered gut microbiome composition, that the disease is transferable with the microbiome, and that microbiome manipulation affects disease activity in murine lupus models. The latter has also been shown for APS, although data on microbiome composition is less consistent. APS patients do display an altered intestinal IgA response. Evidence has accrued for molecular mimicry as an explanatory mechanism for these observations in APS and other autoimmune diseases. Specific gut microbes express proteins with homology to immunodominant APS autoantigens. The disease phenotype appears to be dependent on these mimicking proteins in an APS mouse model, and human APS B- and T-cells indeed cross-react with these mimics. Pre-clinical evidence furthermore suggests that diet may influence autoimmunity through the microbiome, as may microbial short chain fatty acid production, though this has not been studied in APS. Lastly, the microbiome has been shown to affect key drivers of thrombosis, and may thus affect APS severity through non-immunological mechanisms. Overall, these observations demonstrate the impact of the intestinal microbiome on autoimmunity and the importance of understanding its role in APS.
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spelling pubmed-97327282022-12-10 The role of the intestinal microbiome in antiphospholipid syndrome van Mourik, Dagmar J. M. Salet, Dorien M. Middeldorp, Saskia Nieuwdorp, Max van Mens, Thijs E. Front Immunol Immunology The antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a thrombotic autoimmune disease in which the origin of the disease-characterizing autoantibodies is unknown. Increased research effort into the role of the intestinal microbiome in autoimmunity has produced new insights in this field. This scoping review focusses on the gut microbiome in its relation to APS. EMBASE and MEDLINE were searched for original studies with relevance to the relation between the gut microbiome and APS. Thirty studies were included. Work on systemic lupus erythematosus, which strongly overlaps with APS, has shown that patients often display an altered gut microbiome composition, that the disease is transferable with the microbiome, and that microbiome manipulation affects disease activity in murine lupus models. The latter has also been shown for APS, although data on microbiome composition is less consistent. APS patients do display an altered intestinal IgA response. Evidence has accrued for molecular mimicry as an explanatory mechanism for these observations in APS and other autoimmune diseases. Specific gut microbes express proteins with homology to immunodominant APS autoantigens. The disease phenotype appears to be dependent on these mimicking proteins in an APS mouse model, and human APS B- and T-cells indeed cross-react with these mimics. Pre-clinical evidence furthermore suggests that diet may influence autoimmunity through the microbiome, as may microbial short chain fatty acid production, though this has not been studied in APS. Lastly, the microbiome has been shown to affect key drivers of thrombosis, and may thus affect APS severity through non-immunological mechanisms. Overall, these observations demonstrate the impact of the intestinal microbiome on autoimmunity and the importance of understanding its role in APS. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-11-24 /pmc/articles/PMC9732728/ /pubmed/36505427 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.954764 Text en Copyright © 2022 van Mourik, Salet, Middeldorp, Nieuwdorp and van Mens https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Immunology
van Mourik, Dagmar J. M.
Salet, Dorien M.
Middeldorp, Saskia
Nieuwdorp, Max
van Mens, Thijs E.
The role of the intestinal microbiome in antiphospholipid syndrome
title The role of the intestinal microbiome in antiphospholipid syndrome
title_full The role of the intestinal microbiome in antiphospholipid syndrome
title_fullStr The role of the intestinal microbiome in antiphospholipid syndrome
title_full_unstemmed The role of the intestinal microbiome in antiphospholipid syndrome
title_short The role of the intestinal microbiome in antiphospholipid syndrome
title_sort role of the intestinal microbiome in antiphospholipid syndrome
topic Immunology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9732728/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36505427
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.954764
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