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Utility of Antibodies in the Diagnoses of Thyroid Diseases: A Review Article

Thyroid problems are among the most widespread endocrine illnesses, affecting individuals in India and the global population. A thyroid function test is used to diagnose, screen, and monitor patients. Hyperthyroidism is a clinical condition due to excessive circulation of thyroid hormone; in contras...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Gupta, Amit K, Kumar, Sunil
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Cureus 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9733813/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36514581
http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.31233
Descripción
Sumario:Thyroid problems are among the most widespread endocrine illnesses, affecting individuals in India and the global population. A thyroid function test is used to diagnose, screen, and monitor patients. Hyperthyroidism is a clinical condition due to excessive circulation of thyroid hormone; in contrast, hypothyroidism is due to a deficiency of thyroid hormone. Graves' disease (GD) is a form of hyperthyroidism due to thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor autoantibodies (TRAb), and anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies (anti-TPO antibodies). The most common reason for hypothyroidism is Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), in which patients have thyroid receptor antibodies (TRAb), antibodies to thyroid peroxidase (TPO), and thyroglobulin antibodies. Many essential genes, including the thyroid-specific genes thyroglobulin (TSGT), TSH-receptor gene, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes, cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen (CTLA) genes, thyroglobulin gene, vitamin D receptor gene, and many immune-regulatory genes were associated with autoimmune thyroid diseases' (AITDs') etiology. This review paper aims to determine if antibodies are beneficial in detecting autoimmune thyroid disease or not. We have also discussed the etiology of autoimmune thyroid illness, serum antibodies in autoimmune thyroid disease, pathophysiology, and TSH receptor features.