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Ensuring environmental inclusion in developing countries: the role of macroeconomic policies
In every society, there exist disadvantaged groups who have failed constantly to take part in the development of the economy and reap the benefits of economic growth as well. Along with economic and social factors, environmental factors are also accountable in making inclusion a challenge for the ma...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9734668/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36474034 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-24596-z |
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author | Batool, Zakia Bhatti, Arshad Ali Rehman, Abdul |
author_facet | Batool, Zakia Bhatti, Arshad Ali Rehman, Abdul |
author_sort | Batool, Zakia |
collection | PubMed |
description | In every society, there exist disadvantaged groups who have failed constantly to take part in the development of the economy and reap the benefits of economic growth as well. Along with economic and social factors, environmental factors are also accountable in making inclusion a challenge for the marginalized group. Contaminated drinking water, inappropriate sanitation systems, and pollution are the factors that affect health and wellbeing of the poor class by affecting their productivity. Thus, the lack of a clean environment leads the poor section towards further poverty and income inequality. Since the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development emphasizes three components to achieve sustainable development, namely economic, social, and environmental, this study inspects the role of macroeconomic policies in ensuring an inclusive clean environment in developing countries. Moreover, it considers the composite effect of fiscal policy and monetary policy on environmental inclusion by including interactive terms. This investigation uses FE-2SLS on a panel of 51 developing countries for the period of 1995–2019 to analyse the impact of macroeconomic policies on environmental inclusion. The study provides empirical evidence that fiscal and monetary policy has the potential to ensure an inclusive clean environment in developing countries. The findings imply that the macroeconomic policy actions depend on each other. Furthermore, governments in developing regions are required to cut nondeveloping expenditures and use expansionary monetary policy to promote green growth. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9734668 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Springer Berlin Heidelberg |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-97346682022-12-12 Ensuring environmental inclusion in developing countries: the role of macroeconomic policies Batool, Zakia Bhatti, Arshad Ali Rehman, Abdul Environ Sci Pollut Res Int Research Article In every society, there exist disadvantaged groups who have failed constantly to take part in the development of the economy and reap the benefits of economic growth as well. Along with economic and social factors, environmental factors are also accountable in making inclusion a challenge for the marginalized group. Contaminated drinking water, inappropriate sanitation systems, and pollution are the factors that affect health and wellbeing of the poor class by affecting their productivity. Thus, the lack of a clean environment leads the poor section towards further poverty and income inequality. Since the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development emphasizes three components to achieve sustainable development, namely economic, social, and environmental, this study inspects the role of macroeconomic policies in ensuring an inclusive clean environment in developing countries. Moreover, it considers the composite effect of fiscal policy and monetary policy on environmental inclusion by including interactive terms. This investigation uses FE-2SLS on a panel of 51 developing countries for the period of 1995–2019 to analyse the impact of macroeconomic policies on environmental inclusion. The study provides empirical evidence that fiscal and monetary policy has the potential to ensure an inclusive clean environment in developing countries. The findings imply that the macroeconomic policy actions depend on each other. Furthermore, governments in developing regions are required to cut nondeveloping expenditures and use expansionary monetary policy to promote green growth. Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2022-12-07 2023 /pmc/articles/PMC9734668/ /pubmed/36474034 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-24596-z Text en © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2022, Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Batool, Zakia Bhatti, Arshad Ali Rehman, Abdul Ensuring environmental inclusion in developing countries: the role of macroeconomic policies |
title | Ensuring environmental inclusion in developing countries: the role of macroeconomic policies |
title_full | Ensuring environmental inclusion in developing countries: the role of macroeconomic policies |
title_fullStr | Ensuring environmental inclusion in developing countries: the role of macroeconomic policies |
title_full_unstemmed | Ensuring environmental inclusion in developing countries: the role of macroeconomic policies |
title_short | Ensuring environmental inclusion in developing countries: the role of macroeconomic policies |
title_sort | ensuring environmental inclusion in developing countries: the role of macroeconomic policies |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9734668/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36474034 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-24596-z |
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