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Sex hormones in SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility: key players or confounders?

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has a clear sex disparity in clinical outcomes. Hence, the interaction between sex hormones, virus entry receptors and immune responses has attracted major interest as a target for the prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infec...

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Autores principales: Lott, Nicola, Gebhard, Caroline E., Bengs, Susan, Haider, Ahmed, Kuster, Gabriela M., Regitz-Zagrosek, Vera, Gebhard, Catherine
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Nature Publishing Group UK 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9734735/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36494595
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41574-022-00780-6
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author Lott, Nicola
Gebhard, Caroline E.
Bengs, Susan
Haider, Ahmed
Kuster, Gabriela M.
Regitz-Zagrosek, Vera
Gebhard, Catherine
author_facet Lott, Nicola
Gebhard, Caroline E.
Bengs, Susan
Haider, Ahmed
Kuster, Gabriela M.
Regitz-Zagrosek, Vera
Gebhard, Catherine
author_sort Lott, Nicola
collection PubMed
description Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has a clear sex disparity in clinical outcomes. Hence, the interaction between sex hormones, virus entry receptors and immune responses has attracted major interest as a target for the prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infections. This Review summarizes the current understanding of the roles of androgens, oestrogens and progesterone in the regulation of virus entry receptors and disease progression of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as well as their therapeutic value. Although many experimental and clinical studies have analysed potential mechanisms by which female sex hormones might provide protection against SARS-CoV-2 infectivity, there is currently no clear evidence for a sex-specific expression of virus entry receptors. In addition, reports describing an influence of oestrogen, progesterone and androgens on the course of COVID-19 vary widely. Current data also do not support the administration of oestradiol in COVID-19. The conflicting evidence and lack of consensus results from a paucity of mechanistic studies and clinical trials reporting sex-disaggregated data. Further, the influence of variables beyond biological factors (sex), such as sociocultural factors (gender), on COVID-19 manifestations has not been investigated. Future research will have to fill this knowledge gap as the influence of sex and gender on COVID-19 will be essential to understanding and managing the long-term consequences of this pandemic.
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spelling pubmed-97347352022-12-12 Sex hormones in SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility: key players or confounders? Lott, Nicola Gebhard, Caroline E. Bengs, Susan Haider, Ahmed Kuster, Gabriela M. Regitz-Zagrosek, Vera Gebhard, Catherine Nat Rev Endocrinol Review Article Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has a clear sex disparity in clinical outcomes. Hence, the interaction between sex hormones, virus entry receptors and immune responses has attracted major interest as a target for the prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infections. This Review summarizes the current understanding of the roles of androgens, oestrogens and progesterone in the regulation of virus entry receptors and disease progression of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as well as their therapeutic value. Although many experimental and clinical studies have analysed potential mechanisms by which female sex hormones might provide protection against SARS-CoV-2 infectivity, there is currently no clear evidence for a sex-specific expression of virus entry receptors. In addition, reports describing an influence of oestrogen, progesterone and androgens on the course of COVID-19 vary widely. Current data also do not support the administration of oestradiol in COVID-19. The conflicting evidence and lack of consensus results from a paucity of mechanistic studies and clinical trials reporting sex-disaggregated data. Further, the influence of variables beyond biological factors (sex), such as sociocultural factors (gender), on COVID-19 manifestations has not been investigated. Future research will have to fill this knowledge gap as the influence of sex and gender on COVID-19 will be essential to understanding and managing the long-term consequences of this pandemic. Nature Publishing Group UK 2022-12-09 2023 /pmc/articles/PMC9734735/ /pubmed/36494595 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41574-022-00780-6 Text en © Springer Nature Limited 2022, Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic.
spellingShingle Review Article
Lott, Nicola
Gebhard, Caroline E.
Bengs, Susan
Haider, Ahmed
Kuster, Gabriela M.
Regitz-Zagrosek, Vera
Gebhard, Catherine
Sex hormones in SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility: key players or confounders?
title Sex hormones in SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility: key players or confounders?
title_full Sex hormones in SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility: key players or confounders?
title_fullStr Sex hormones in SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility: key players or confounders?
title_full_unstemmed Sex hormones in SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility: key players or confounders?
title_short Sex hormones in SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility: key players or confounders?
title_sort sex hormones in sars-cov-2 susceptibility: key players or confounders?
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9734735/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36494595
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41574-022-00780-6
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