The Evolution of the Nature Management System and Modern Trends in Its Development

We have examined the evolution of nature management systems in a historical context. An analysis has been made of the crisis of existing nature management models, an aggravation of contradictions, and an increase in threats and risks at the beginning of the 21st century. Modern trends in the development of effective nature management have been discussed, namely, low-waste technologies, technoecopolises, agroecopolises, and green clusterization. We have generalized and suggested conceptual prospects in the realm of effective nature management: the concept of a New Ecological Policy and a new “ecopolicy of containment.” We have explored the possibility of introducing the culture of nature management contributing to reinforcing the necessary rules and regulations—the binding force of the system of restrictions and prohibitions for humans in nature management, with due regard for the sustainability of natural systems. Emphasis is placed on a crucial need for changes in mass-scale consumer stereotypes and for an increase in the number of green technologies and production and the furthering of ecological education and medical–ecological tourism, as well as the importance of reorientation of the attitudes of the population from ecological–consumer to social–spiritual values in accordance with the Code of the Culture of Nature Management. We have substantiated the need for integrating the economic determinism of nature management and the ecological–economic imperative of sustainable development based on a noospheric approach.