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Neuroinflammation and Autophagy in Parkinson’s Disease—Novel Perspectives
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder. It is characterized by the accumulation of α-Synuclein aggregates and the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra in the midbrain. Although the exact mechanisms of neuronal degeneration in PD remain la...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9735607/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36499325 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232314997 |
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author | Minchev, Danail Kazakova, Maria Sarafian, Victoria |
author_facet | Minchev, Danail Kazakova, Maria Sarafian, Victoria |
author_sort | Minchev, Danail |
collection | PubMed |
description | Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder. It is characterized by the accumulation of α-Synuclein aggregates and the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra in the midbrain. Although the exact mechanisms of neuronal degeneration in PD remain largely elusive, various pathogenic factors, such as α-Synuclein cytotoxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and pro-inflammatory factors, may significantly impair normal neuronal function and promote apoptosis. In this context, neuroinflammation and autophagy have emerged as crucial processes in PD that contribute to neuronal loss and disease development. They are regulated in a complex interconnected manner involving most of the known PD-associated genes. This review summarizes evidence of the implication of neuroinflammation and autophagy in PD and delineates the role of inflammatory factors and autophagy-related proteins in this complex condition. It also illustrates the particular significance of plasma and serum immune markers in PD and their potential to provide a personalized approach to diagnosis and treatment. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9735607 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-97356072022-12-11 Neuroinflammation and Autophagy in Parkinson’s Disease—Novel Perspectives Minchev, Danail Kazakova, Maria Sarafian, Victoria Int J Mol Sci Review Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder. It is characterized by the accumulation of α-Synuclein aggregates and the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra in the midbrain. Although the exact mechanisms of neuronal degeneration in PD remain largely elusive, various pathogenic factors, such as α-Synuclein cytotoxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and pro-inflammatory factors, may significantly impair normal neuronal function and promote apoptosis. In this context, neuroinflammation and autophagy have emerged as crucial processes in PD that contribute to neuronal loss and disease development. They are regulated in a complex interconnected manner involving most of the known PD-associated genes. This review summarizes evidence of the implication of neuroinflammation and autophagy in PD and delineates the role of inflammatory factors and autophagy-related proteins in this complex condition. It also illustrates the particular significance of plasma and serum immune markers in PD and their potential to provide a personalized approach to diagnosis and treatment. MDPI 2022-11-30 /pmc/articles/PMC9735607/ /pubmed/36499325 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232314997 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Minchev, Danail Kazakova, Maria Sarafian, Victoria Neuroinflammation and Autophagy in Parkinson’s Disease—Novel Perspectives |
title | Neuroinflammation and Autophagy in Parkinson’s Disease—Novel Perspectives |
title_full | Neuroinflammation and Autophagy in Parkinson’s Disease—Novel Perspectives |
title_fullStr | Neuroinflammation and Autophagy in Parkinson’s Disease—Novel Perspectives |
title_full_unstemmed | Neuroinflammation and Autophagy in Parkinson’s Disease—Novel Perspectives |
title_short | Neuroinflammation and Autophagy in Parkinson’s Disease—Novel Perspectives |
title_sort | neuroinflammation and autophagy in parkinson’s disease—novel perspectives |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9735607/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36499325 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232314997 |
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