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Dominance of Influencing Factors on Cooling Effect of Urban Parks in Different Climatic Regions
The enhancement of the park cooling effect (PCE) is one method used to alleviate the urban heat island (UHI). The cooling effect is affected by park factors; however, the importance of these factors in the case of the PCE is still unclear. Optimizing or planning urban parks according to the importan...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9735790/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36497571 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192315496 |
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author | Zheng, Songxin Liu, Lichen Dong, Xiaofeng Hu, Yanqing Niu, Pengpeng |
author_facet | Zheng, Songxin Liu, Lichen Dong, Xiaofeng Hu, Yanqing Niu, Pengpeng |
author_sort | Zheng, Songxin |
collection | PubMed |
description | The enhancement of the park cooling effect (PCE) is one method used to alleviate the urban heat island (UHI). The cooling effect is affected by park factors; however, the importance of these factors in the case of the PCE is still unclear. Optimizing or planning urban parks according to the importance of the influencing factors can effectively enhance the PCE. Herein, we selected 502 urban parks in 29 cities in China with three different climatic regions and quantified the PCE based on the park cooling intensity (PCI) and park cooling area (PCA). Subsequently, the relative importance of the influencing factors for the PCE was compared to identify the main factors. Consequently, certain park planning suggestions were proposed to enhance the cooling effect. The results show that: (1) the PCE increased in the order of arid/semi-arid, semi-humid, and humid regions. (2) The main factors of the PCI differed significantly in different climatic regions; however, the waterbody within a park significantly affected the PCI in all three climates. However, for the PCA, park patch characteristics were the dominant factor, contributing approximately 80% in the three climates regions. (3) In arid/semi-arid and semi-humid regions, the optimal area proportion of waterbody and vegetation within the park were approximately 1:2 and 1:1, respectively, and the threshold value of the park area was 16 ha. In contrast, in the humid region, the addition of a waterbody area within the park, to the best extent possible, enhanced the PCI, and the threshold value of the park area was 19 ha. The unique results of this study are expected to function as a guide to future urban park planning on a regional scale to maximize ecological benefits while mitigating the UHI. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9735790 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-97357902022-12-11 Dominance of Influencing Factors on Cooling Effect of Urban Parks in Different Climatic Regions Zheng, Songxin Liu, Lichen Dong, Xiaofeng Hu, Yanqing Niu, Pengpeng Int J Environ Res Public Health Article The enhancement of the park cooling effect (PCE) is one method used to alleviate the urban heat island (UHI). The cooling effect is affected by park factors; however, the importance of these factors in the case of the PCE is still unclear. Optimizing or planning urban parks according to the importance of the influencing factors can effectively enhance the PCE. Herein, we selected 502 urban parks in 29 cities in China with three different climatic regions and quantified the PCE based on the park cooling intensity (PCI) and park cooling area (PCA). Subsequently, the relative importance of the influencing factors for the PCE was compared to identify the main factors. Consequently, certain park planning suggestions were proposed to enhance the cooling effect. The results show that: (1) the PCE increased in the order of arid/semi-arid, semi-humid, and humid regions. (2) The main factors of the PCI differed significantly in different climatic regions; however, the waterbody within a park significantly affected the PCI in all three climates. However, for the PCA, park patch characteristics were the dominant factor, contributing approximately 80% in the three climates regions. (3) In arid/semi-arid and semi-humid regions, the optimal area proportion of waterbody and vegetation within the park were approximately 1:2 and 1:1, respectively, and the threshold value of the park area was 16 ha. In contrast, in the humid region, the addition of a waterbody area within the park, to the best extent possible, enhanced the PCI, and the threshold value of the park area was 19 ha. The unique results of this study are expected to function as a guide to future urban park planning on a regional scale to maximize ecological benefits while mitigating the UHI. MDPI 2022-11-22 /pmc/articles/PMC9735790/ /pubmed/36497571 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192315496 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Zheng, Songxin Liu, Lichen Dong, Xiaofeng Hu, Yanqing Niu, Pengpeng Dominance of Influencing Factors on Cooling Effect of Urban Parks in Different Climatic Regions |
title | Dominance of Influencing Factors on Cooling Effect of Urban Parks in Different Climatic Regions |
title_full | Dominance of Influencing Factors on Cooling Effect of Urban Parks in Different Climatic Regions |
title_fullStr | Dominance of Influencing Factors on Cooling Effect of Urban Parks in Different Climatic Regions |
title_full_unstemmed | Dominance of Influencing Factors on Cooling Effect of Urban Parks in Different Climatic Regions |
title_short | Dominance of Influencing Factors on Cooling Effect of Urban Parks in Different Climatic Regions |
title_sort | dominance of influencing factors on cooling effect of urban parks in different climatic regions |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9735790/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36497571 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192315496 |
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