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Health Benefits of Residence at Moderate Altitude Do Not Reduce COVID-19 Mortality
Moderate altitude (1000–2000 m above sea level) residence is emerging as a protective factor from the mortality of various causes, including of cardiovascular diseases. Conversely, mortality from certain respiratory diseases is higher at these altitudes than in lowlands. These divergent outcomes cou...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9736022/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36498148 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192316074 |
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author | Burtscher, Johannes Millet, Gregoire P. Leitner, Barbara Burtscher, Martin |
author_facet | Burtscher, Johannes Millet, Gregoire P. Leitner, Barbara Burtscher, Martin |
author_sort | Burtscher, Johannes |
collection | PubMed |
description | Moderate altitude (1000–2000 m above sea level) residence is emerging as a protective factor from the mortality of various causes, including of cardiovascular diseases. Conversely, mortality from certain respiratory diseases is higher at these altitudes than in lowlands. These divergent outcomes could indicate either beneficial or detrimental effects of altitude on the mortality of COVID-19 that primarily infects the respiratory tract but results in multi-organ damage. Previous epidemiological data indeed suggest divergent outcomes of moderate to high altitude residence in various countries. Confounding factors, such as variations in the access to clinical facilities or selection biases of investigated populations, may contribute to the equivocation of these observations. We interrogated a dataset of the complete population of an Alpine country in the center of Europe with relatively similar testing and clinical support conditions across altitude-levels of residence (up to around 2000 m) to assess altitude-dependent mortality from COVID-19 throughout 2020. While a reduced all-cause mortality was confirmed for people living higher than 1000 m, no differences in the mortality from COVID-19 between the lowest and the highest altitude regions were observed for the overall population and the population older than 60 years as well. Conversely, COVID-19 mortality seems to have been reduced in the very old (>85 years) women at moderate altitudes. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9736022 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-97360222022-12-11 Health Benefits of Residence at Moderate Altitude Do Not Reduce COVID-19 Mortality Burtscher, Johannes Millet, Gregoire P. Leitner, Barbara Burtscher, Martin Int J Environ Res Public Health Article Moderate altitude (1000–2000 m above sea level) residence is emerging as a protective factor from the mortality of various causes, including of cardiovascular diseases. Conversely, mortality from certain respiratory diseases is higher at these altitudes than in lowlands. These divergent outcomes could indicate either beneficial or detrimental effects of altitude on the mortality of COVID-19 that primarily infects the respiratory tract but results in multi-organ damage. Previous epidemiological data indeed suggest divergent outcomes of moderate to high altitude residence in various countries. Confounding factors, such as variations in the access to clinical facilities or selection biases of investigated populations, may contribute to the equivocation of these observations. We interrogated a dataset of the complete population of an Alpine country in the center of Europe with relatively similar testing and clinical support conditions across altitude-levels of residence (up to around 2000 m) to assess altitude-dependent mortality from COVID-19 throughout 2020. While a reduced all-cause mortality was confirmed for people living higher than 1000 m, no differences in the mortality from COVID-19 between the lowest and the highest altitude regions were observed for the overall population and the population older than 60 years as well. Conversely, COVID-19 mortality seems to have been reduced in the very old (>85 years) women at moderate altitudes. MDPI 2022-12-01 /pmc/articles/PMC9736022/ /pubmed/36498148 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192316074 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Burtscher, Johannes Millet, Gregoire P. Leitner, Barbara Burtscher, Martin Health Benefits of Residence at Moderate Altitude Do Not Reduce COVID-19 Mortality |
title | Health Benefits of Residence at Moderate Altitude Do Not Reduce COVID-19 Mortality |
title_full | Health Benefits of Residence at Moderate Altitude Do Not Reduce COVID-19 Mortality |
title_fullStr | Health Benefits of Residence at Moderate Altitude Do Not Reduce COVID-19 Mortality |
title_full_unstemmed | Health Benefits of Residence at Moderate Altitude Do Not Reduce COVID-19 Mortality |
title_short | Health Benefits of Residence at Moderate Altitude Do Not Reduce COVID-19 Mortality |
title_sort | health benefits of residence at moderate altitude do not reduce covid-19 mortality |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9736022/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36498148 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192316074 |
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