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Emergency Department Visits and Summer Temperatures in Bologna, Northern Italy, 2010–2019: A Case-Crossover Study and Geographically Weighted Regression Methods

The aim of the study is to evaluate the association between summer temperatures and emergency department visits (EDVs) in Bologna (Italy) and assess whether this association varies across areas with different socioeconomic and microclimatic characteristics. We included all EDVs within Bologna reside...

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Autores principales: Guolo, Francesco, Stivanello, Elisa, Pizzi, Lorenzo, Georgiadis, Teodoro, Cremonini, Letizia, Musti, Muriel Assunta, Nardino, Marianna, Ferretti, Filippo, Marzaroli, Paolo, Perlangeli, Vincenza, Pandolfi, Paolo, Miglio, Rossella
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9736574/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36497667
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192315592
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author Guolo, Francesco
Stivanello, Elisa
Pizzi, Lorenzo
Georgiadis, Teodoro
Cremonini, Letizia
Musti, Muriel Assunta
Nardino, Marianna
Ferretti, Filippo
Marzaroli, Paolo
Perlangeli, Vincenza
Pandolfi, Paolo
Miglio, Rossella
author_facet Guolo, Francesco
Stivanello, Elisa
Pizzi, Lorenzo
Georgiadis, Teodoro
Cremonini, Letizia
Musti, Muriel Assunta
Nardino, Marianna
Ferretti, Filippo
Marzaroli, Paolo
Perlangeli, Vincenza
Pandolfi, Paolo
Miglio, Rossella
author_sort Guolo, Francesco
collection PubMed
description The aim of the study is to evaluate the association between summer temperatures and emergency department visits (EDVs) in Bologna (Italy) and assess whether this association varies across areas with different socioeconomic and microclimatic characteristics. We included all EDVs within Bologna residences during the summers of 2010–2019. Each subject is attributed a deprivation and a microclimatic discomfort index according to the residence. A time-stratified case-crossover design was conducted to estimate the risk of EDV associated with temperature and the effect modification of deprivation and microclimatic characteristics. In addition, a spatial analysis of data aggregated at the census block level was conducted by applying a Poisson and a geographically weighted Poisson regression model. For each unit increase in temperature above 26 °C, the risk of EDV increases by 0.4% (95%CI: 0.05–0.8). The temperature–EDV relationship is not modified by the microclimatic discomfort index but rather by the deprivation index. The spatial analysis shows that the EDV rate increases with deprivation homogeneously, while it diminishes with increases in median income and microclimatic discomfort, with differences across areas. In conclusion, in Bologna, the EDV risk associated with high temperatures is not very relevant overall, but it tends to increase in areas with a low socioeconomic level.
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spelling pubmed-97365742022-12-11 Emergency Department Visits and Summer Temperatures in Bologna, Northern Italy, 2010–2019: A Case-Crossover Study and Geographically Weighted Regression Methods Guolo, Francesco Stivanello, Elisa Pizzi, Lorenzo Georgiadis, Teodoro Cremonini, Letizia Musti, Muriel Assunta Nardino, Marianna Ferretti, Filippo Marzaroli, Paolo Perlangeli, Vincenza Pandolfi, Paolo Miglio, Rossella Int J Environ Res Public Health Article The aim of the study is to evaluate the association between summer temperatures and emergency department visits (EDVs) in Bologna (Italy) and assess whether this association varies across areas with different socioeconomic and microclimatic characteristics. We included all EDVs within Bologna residences during the summers of 2010–2019. Each subject is attributed a deprivation and a microclimatic discomfort index according to the residence. A time-stratified case-crossover design was conducted to estimate the risk of EDV associated with temperature and the effect modification of deprivation and microclimatic characteristics. In addition, a spatial analysis of data aggregated at the census block level was conducted by applying a Poisson and a geographically weighted Poisson regression model. For each unit increase in temperature above 26 °C, the risk of EDV increases by 0.4% (95%CI: 0.05–0.8). The temperature–EDV relationship is not modified by the microclimatic discomfort index but rather by the deprivation index. The spatial analysis shows that the EDV rate increases with deprivation homogeneously, while it diminishes with increases in median income and microclimatic discomfort, with differences across areas. In conclusion, in Bologna, the EDV risk associated with high temperatures is not very relevant overall, but it tends to increase in areas with a low socioeconomic level. MDPI 2022-11-24 /pmc/articles/PMC9736574/ /pubmed/36497667 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192315592 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Guolo, Francesco
Stivanello, Elisa
Pizzi, Lorenzo
Georgiadis, Teodoro
Cremonini, Letizia
Musti, Muriel Assunta
Nardino, Marianna
Ferretti, Filippo
Marzaroli, Paolo
Perlangeli, Vincenza
Pandolfi, Paolo
Miglio, Rossella
Emergency Department Visits and Summer Temperatures in Bologna, Northern Italy, 2010–2019: A Case-Crossover Study and Geographically Weighted Regression Methods
title Emergency Department Visits and Summer Temperatures in Bologna, Northern Italy, 2010–2019: A Case-Crossover Study and Geographically Weighted Regression Methods
title_full Emergency Department Visits and Summer Temperatures in Bologna, Northern Italy, 2010–2019: A Case-Crossover Study and Geographically Weighted Regression Methods
title_fullStr Emergency Department Visits and Summer Temperatures in Bologna, Northern Italy, 2010–2019: A Case-Crossover Study and Geographically Weighted Regression Methods
title_full_unstemmed Emergency Department Visits and Summer Temperatures in Bologna, Northern Italy, 2010–2019: A Case-Crossover Study and Geographically Weighted Regression Methods
title_short Emergency Department Visits and Summer Temperatures in Bologna, Northern Italy, 2010–2019: A Case-Crossover Study and Geographically Weighted Regression Methods
title_sort emergency department visits and summer temperatures in bologna, northern italy, 2010–2019: a case-crossover study and geographically weighted regression methods
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9736574/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36497667
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192315592
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