Physicochemical Properties of Water-Based Copolymer and Zeolite Composite Sustained-Release Membrane Materials

A nitrogen fertilizer slow-release membrane was proposed using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), epoxy resin, and zeolite as raw materials. The effects of the water-based copolymer (PVA:PVP) solution ratio A (A(1)–A(4)) and zeolite amount B (B(1)–B(4)) on the water absorption rate (XS), water permeability (TS), fertilizer permeability (TF), tensile strength (KL), elongation at break (DSL), and viscosity (ND) of the membrane were explored using the swelling method, a self-made device, and a universal testing machine. The optimal combination of the water-based copolymer and zeolite amount was determined by the coefficient-of-variation method. The results show that the effects of the decrease in A on KL and the increase in B on KL and DSL are promoted first and then inhibited. DSL and ND showed a negative response to the A decrease, whereas XS, TS, and TF showed a positive response. The effect of increasing B on ND, TS, and TF showed a zigzag fluctuation. In the condition of A(1)–A(3), XS showed a negative response to the B increase, whereas in the condition of A(4), XS was promoted first and then inhibited. Adding PVP and zeolite caused the hydroxyl stretching vibration peak of PVA at 3300 cm(−1) to widen; the former caused the vibration peak to move to low frequencies, and the latter caused it to move to high frequencies. The XRD pattern shows that the highest peak of zeolite is located at 2θ = 7.18° and the crystallization peak of the composite membrane increases with the rise in the proportion of zeolite. Adding PVP made the surface of the membrane smooth and flat, and adding a small amount of zeolite improved the mechanical properties of the membrane and exhibited good compatibility with water-based copolymers. In the evaluation model of the physicochemical properties of sustained-release membrane materials, the weight of all indicators was in the following order: TF > ND > TS > KL > XL > DSL. The optimal membrane material for comprehensive performance was determined to be A(2)B(3).