An Investigation of Employees’ Intention to Comply with Information Security System—A Mixed Approach Based on Regression Analysis and fsQCA

Employee security compliance behavior has become an important safeguard to protect the security of corporate information assets. Focusing on human factors, this paper discusses how to regulate and guide employees’ compliance with information security systems through effective methods. Based on protection motivation theory (PMT), a model of employees’ intention to comply with the information security system was constructed. A questionnaire survey was adopted to obtain 224 valid data points, and SPSS 26.0 was applied to verify the hypotheses underlying the research model. Then, based on the results of a regression analysis, fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) was used to explore the conditional configurations that affect employees’ intention to comply with the information security system from a holistic perspective. The empirical results demonstrated that perceived severity, perceived vulnerability, response efficacy, and self-efficacy all positively influenced the employees’ intention to comply with the information security system; while rewards and response costs had a negative effect. Threat appraisal had a greater effect on employees’ intention to comply with the information security system compared to response appraisal. The fsQCA results showed that individual antecedent conditions are not necessary to influence employees’ intention to comply with an information security system. Seven pathways exist that influence an employees’ intention to comply with an information security system, with reward, self-efficacy, and response cost being the core conditions having the highest probability of occurring in each configuration of pathways, and with perceived severity and self-efficacy appearing in the core conditions of configurations with an original coverage greater than 40%. Theoretically, this study discusses the influence of the elements of PMT on employees’ intention to comply with an information security system, reveals the mechanism of influence of the combination of the influencing factors on the outcome variables, and identifies the core factors and auxiliary factors in the condition configurations, providing a new broader perspective for the study of information security compliance behavior and providing some theoretical support for strengthening enterprise security management. Practically, targeted suggestions are proposed based on the research results, to increase the intention of enterprise employees to comply with information security systems, thereby improving the effectiveness of enterprise information security management and the degree of information security in enterprises.