Cargando…

Floral attractants in the black orchid Brasiliorchis schunkeana (Orchidaceae, Maxillariinae): clues for presumed sapromyophily and potential antimicrobial activity

BACKGROUND: Orchids have evolved various strategies that aim to ensure their reproduction success. These may include the production of rewards for pollinators, or on the contrary, deception. Specific sets of features such as flower morphology, color, nectar, and odor presence (or lack thereof) are c...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Lipińska, Monika M., Gołębiowski, Marek, Szlachetko, Dariusz L., Kowalkowska, Agnieszka K.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9737770/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36496375
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12870-022-03944-8
_version_ 1784847370367795200
author Lipińska, Monika M.
Gołębiowski, Marek
Szlachetko, Dariusz L.
Kowalkowska, Agnieszka K.
author_facet Lipińska, Monika M.
Gołębiowski, Marek
Szlachetko, Dariusz L.
Kowalkowska, Agnieszka K.
author_sort Lipińska, Monika M.
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Orchids have evolved various strategies that aim to ensure their reproduction success. These may include the production of rewards for pollinators, or on the contrary, deception. Specific sets of features such as flower morphology, color, nectar, and odor presence (or lack thereof) are considered to determine suitability for pollination by different groups of animals. Stingless bees are thought to be the primary pollinators of the orchids of the Neotropical subtribe Maxillariinae. However, almost black flowered Brasiliorchis schunkeana at first glance presents floral adaptations that may suggest another pollination syndrome—sapromyophily. RESULTS: A few traces of secretion were noticed on the glabrous lip callus and lip apex built by conical to villiform papillae (SEM analysis). Histochemical studies revealed huge amounts of lipids in the epidermis, subepidermis, and some parenchyma cells (SBB test) with various stages of lipids accumulation between cells. Further TEM analysis showed a heterogeneous (lipoid and phenolic) nature of secretion. The dense osmiophilic cytoplasm contained organelles (RER, free ribosomes, dictyosomes, plastids with plastoglobuli, nucleus) and vesicles migrating to plasmalemma. The vesicles, osmiophilic globules, and flocculent material were visible in periplasmic space. The central vacuole possessed osmiophilic phenolic content and flocculent material. GC–MS analysis revealed in floral extract the presence of 7,9-di-tert-butyl-1-oxaspiro(4,5)deca-6,9-diene-2,8-dione (77.06%) and 2,5-di-tert-butyl-1,4-benzoquinone (16.65%). Both compounds are known for their biological activity. CONCLUSIONS: The juxtaposition of results led us to the conclusion that the labellar tissue produces lipoid and phenolic material, which is responsible for the glossiness and rotten herring scent. This type of secretion could be classified as a phenolic resin. The chemical analysis revealed the presence of five semiochemicals that are known to be attractants for some Diptera, which together with the rest of the results constitutes a strong premise that representatives of this order could be potential pollinators of B. schunkeana. Field observations however are still needed to confirm this pollination syndrome. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12870-022-03944-8.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-9737770
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2022
publisher BioMed Central
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-97377702022-12-11 Floral attractants in the black orchid Brasiliorchis schunkeana (Orchidaceae, Maxillariinae): clues for presumed sapromyophily and potential antimicrobial activity Lipińska, Monika M. Gołębiowski, Marek Szlachetko, Dariusz L. Kowalkowska, Agnieszka K. BMC Plant Biol Research BACKGROUND: Orchids have evolved various strategies that aim to ensure their reproduction success. These may include the production of rewards for pollinators, or on the contrary, deception. Specific sets of features such as flower morphology, color, nectar, and odor presence (or lack thereof) are considered to determine suitability for pollination by different groups of animals. Stingless bees are thought to be the primary pollinators of the orchids of the Neotropical subtribe Maxillariinae. However, almost black flowered Brasiliorchis schunkeana at first glance presents floral adaptations that may suggest another pollination syndrome—sapromyophily. RESULTS: A few traces of secretion were noticed on the glabrous lip callus and lip apex built by conical to villiform papillae (SEM analysis). Histochemical studies revealed huge amounts of lipids in the epidermis, subepidermis, and some parenchyma cells (SBB test) with various stages of lipids accumulation between cells. Further TEM analysis showed a heterogeneous (lipoid and phenolic) nature of secretion. The dense osmiophilic cytoplasm contained organelles (RER, free ribosomes, dictyosomes, plastids with plastoglobuli, nucleus) and vesicles migrating to plasmalemma. The vesicles, osmiophilic globules, and flocculent material were visible in periplasmic space. The central vacuole possessed osmiophilic phenolic content and flocculent material. GC–MS analysis revealed in floral extract the presence of 7,9-di-tert-butyl-1-oxaspiro(4,5)deca-6,9-diene-2,8-dione (77.06%) and 2,5-di-tert-butyl-1,4-benzoquinone (16.65%). Both compounds are known for their biological activity. CONCLUSIONS: The juxtaposition of results led us to the conclusion that the labellar tissue produces lipoid and phenolic material, which is responsible for the glossiness and rotten herring scent. This type of secretion could be classified as a phenolic resin. The chemical analysis revealed the presence of five semiochemicals that are known to be attractants for some Diptera, which together with the rest of the results constitutes a strong premise that representatives of this order could be potential pollinators of B. schunkeana. Field observations however are still needed to confirm this pollination syndrome. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12870-022-03944-8. BioMed Central 2022-12-10 /pmc/articles/PMC9737770/ /pubmed/36496375 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12870-022-03944-8 Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.
spellingShingle Research
Lipińska, Monika M.
Gołębiowski, Marek
Szlachetko, Dariusz L.
Kowalkowska, Agnieszka K.
Floral attractants in the black orchid Brasiliorchis schunkeana (Orchidaceae, Maxillariinae): clues for presumed sapromyophily and potential antimicrobial activity
title Floral attractants in the black orchid Brasiliorchis schunkeana (Orchidaceae, Maxillariinae): clues for presumed sapromyophily and potential antimicrobial activity
title_full Floral attractants in the black orchid Brasiliorchis schunkeana (Orchidaceae, Maxillariinae): clues for presumed sapromyophily and potential antimicrobial activity
title_fullStr Floral attractants in the black orchid Brasiliorchis schunkeana (Orchidaceae, Maxillariinae): clues for presumed sapromyophily and potential antimicrobial activity
title_full_unstemmed Floral attractants in the black orchid Brasiliorchis schunkeana (Orchidaceae, Maxillariinae): clues for presumed sapromyophily and potential antimicrobial activity
title_short Floral attractants in the black orchid Brasiliorchis schunkeana (Orchidaceae, Maxillariinae): clues for presumed sapromyophily and potential antimicrobial activity
title_sort floral attractants in the black orchid brasiliorchis schunkeana (orchidaceae, maxillariinae): clues for presumed sapromyophily and potential antimicrobial activity
topic Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9737770/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36496375
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12870-022-03944-8
work_keys_str_mv AT lipinskamonikam floralattractantsintheblackorchidbrasiliorchisschunkeanaorchidaceaemaxillariinaecluesforpresumedsapromyophilyandpotentialantimicrobialactivity
AT gołebiowskimarek floralattractantsintheblackorchidbrasiliorchisschunkeanaorchidaceaemaxillariinaecluesforpresumedsapromyophilyandpotentialantimicrobialactivity
AT szlachetkodariuszl floralattractantsintheblackorchidbrasiliorchisschunkeanaorchidaceaemaxillariinaecluesforpresumedsapromyophilyandpotentialantimicrobialactivity
AT kowalkowskaagnieszkak floralattractantsintheblackorchidbrasiliorchisschunkeanaorchidaceaemaxillariinaecluesforpresumedsapromyophilyandpotentialantimicrobialactivity