Cargando…

Effect of Ruta graveolens Extract on the Major Virulence Factors in Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

PURPOSE: Rising Antibiotic Resistance has put the world in real threat. Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), is a predominant cause of suppurative chronic skin and soft-tissue infections. Novel insights have focused the light on plant extracts. In this study, Ruta graveolens ethanolic...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Rezk, Shahinda, Alqabbasi, Omar, Ramadan, Asmaa, Turkey, Mohamed
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Dove 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9738164/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36510590
http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/IDR.S393912
_version_ 1784847470367342592
author Rezk, Shahinda
Alqabbasi, Omar
Ramadan, Asmaa
Turkey, Mohamed
author_facet Rezk, Shahinda
Alqabbasi, Omar
Ramadan, Asmaa
Turkey, Mohamed
author_sort Rezk, Shahinda
collection PubMed
description PURPOSE: Rising Antibiotic Resistance has put the world in real threat. Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), is a predominant cause of suppurative chronic skin and soft-tissue infections. Novel insights have focused the light on plant extracts. In this study, Ruta graveolens ethanolic active extract was tested for its potential anti-virulence activities in MRSA. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 100 MRSA strains causing skin and soft tissue infections were isolated and antibiotic susceptibility testing was done. Ability to form biofilm was tested phenotypically. Furthermore, the antimicrobial activity of Ruta graveolens was evaluated followed by detection of its Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The inhibitory activity of this extract on biofilm formation was investigated. Afterwards, we investigated its effect on the transcription of biofilm-related genes and mecA gene. RESULTS: All tested isolates were sensitive to Vancomycin and Linezolid while high resistance was noted with both Fusidic acid (83%) and Gentamicin (68%). (83%) of the isolates were biofilm producers. Ruta graveolens extract showed strong antimicrobial activity against the MRSA strains with MIC 0.78 mg/mL. At subinhibitory concentration (1/2 MIC), the extract had high biofilm inhibitory effects with mean inhibition (70%). Moreover, transcriptional analysis results showed that the mean percentages of inhibition in expression of mecA, icaA and icaD genes were 52.3%, 34.8% and 33.7%, respectively, in which all showed statistically significant difference (p ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSION: The current study proposes the ability of Ruta graveolens extract to reduce the biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance of MRSA through downregulation of some biofilm forming genes and mecA gene which confers resistance to B-lactam antibiotics. This may decrease our reliance on antibiotics and improve our ability to effectively treat biofilm-related skin and soft-tissue infections caused by MRSA.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-9738164
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2022
publisher Dove
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-97381642022-12-11 Effect of Ruta graveolens Extract on the Major Virulence Factors in Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Rezk, Shahinda Alqabbasi, Omar Ramadan, Asmaa Turkey, Mohamed Infect Drug Resist Original Research PURPOSE: Rising Antibiotic Resistance has put the world in real threat. Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), is a predominant cause of suppurative chronic skin and soft-tissue infections. Novel insights have focused the light on plant extracts. In this study, Ruta graveolens ethanolic active extract was tested for its potential anti-virulence activities in MRSA. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 100 MRSA strains causing skin and soft tissue infections were isolated and antibiotic susceptibility testing was done. Ability to form biofilm was tested phenotypically. Furthermore, the antimicrobial activity of Ruta graveolens was evaluated followed by detection of its Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The inhibitory activity of this extract on biofilm formation was investigated. Afterwards, we investigated its effect on the transcription of biofilm-related genes and mecA gene. RESULTS: All tested isolates were sensitive to Vancomycin and Linezolid while high resistance was noted with both Fusidic acid (83%) and Gentamicin (68%). (83%) of the isolates were biofilm producers. Ruta graveolens extract showed strong antimicrobial activity against the MRSA strains with MIC 0.78 mg/mL. At subinhibitory concentration (1/2 MIC), the extract had high biofilm inhibitory effects with mean inhibition (70%). Moreover, transcriptional analysis results showed that the mean percentages of inhibition in expression of mecA, icaA and icaD genes were 52.3%, 34.8% and 33.7%, respectively, in which all showed statistically significant difference (p ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSION: The current study proposes the ability of Ruta graveolens extract to reduce the biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance of MRSA through downregulation of some biofilm forming genes and mecA gene which confers resistance to B-lactam antibiotics. This may decrease our reliance on antibiotics and improve our ability to effectively treat biofilm-related skin and soft-tissue infections caused by MRSA. Dove 2022-12-06 /pmc/articles/PMC9738164/ /pubmed/36510590 http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/IDR.S393912 Text en © 2022 Rezk et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited. The full terms of this license are available at https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) ). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms (https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php).
spellingShingle Original Research
Rezk, Shahinda
Alqabbasi, Omar
Ramadan, Asmaa
Turkey, Mohamed
Effect of Ruta graveolens Extract on the Major Virulence Factors in Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
title Effect of Ruta graveolens Extract on the Major Virulence Factors in Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
title_full Effect of Ruta graveolens Extract on the Major Virulence Factors in Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
title_fullStr Effect of Ruta graveolens Extract on the Major Virulence Factors in Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
title_full_unstemmed Effect of Ruta graveolens Extract on the Major Virulence Factors in Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
title_short Effect of Ruta graveolens Extract on the Major Virulence Factors in Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
title_sort effect of ruta graveolens extract on the major virulence factors in methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus
topic Original Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9738164/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36510590
http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/IDR.S393912
work_keys_str_mv AT rezkshahinda effectofrutagraveolensextractonthemajorvirulencefactorsinmethicillinresistantstaphylococcusaureus
AT alqabbasiomar effectofrutagraveolensextractonthemajorvirulencefactorsinmethicillinresistantstaphylococcusaureus
AT ramadanasmaa effectofrutagraveolensextractonthemajorvirulencefactorsinmethicillinresistantstaphylococcusaureus
AT turkeymohamed effectofrutagraveolensextractonthemajorvirulencefactorsinmethicillinresistantstaphylococcusaureus