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Factors Associated with Self-Reported Post/Long-COVID—A Real-World Data Study
Evidence suggests that Post/Long-COVID (PLC) is associated with a reduced health-related quality of life, however little knowledge exists on the risk factors that contribute to PLC. The objective of this prospective real-world data study was to evaluate factors associated with PLC using national onl...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9738553/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36498197 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192316124 |
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author | Thronicke, Anja Hinse, Maximilian Weinert, Stefanie Jakubowski, Alexandra Grieb, Gerrit Matthes, Harald |
author_facet | Thronicke, Anja Hinse, Maximilian Weinert, Stefanie Jakubowski, Alexandra Grieb, Gerrit Matthes, Harald |
author_sort | Thronicke, Anja |
collection | PubMed |
description | Evidence suggests that Post/Long-COVID (PLC) is associated with a reduced health-related quality of life, however little knowledge exists on the risk factors that contribute to PLC. The objective of this prospective real-world data study was to evaluate factors associated with PLC using national online survey data. Adjusted multivariable regression analyses were performed using the software R. Between 14 April and 15 June 2021, 99 registered individuals reported to have suffered from PLC symptoms and the most common PLC symptoms reported were fatigue, dyspnoea, decreased strength, hyposmia, and memory loss. The odds of individuals suffering from COVID-19-associated anxiety, hyposmia, or heart palpitations developing PLC were eight times (OR 8.28, 95% CI 1.43–47.85, p < 0.01), five times (OR 4.74, 95% CI 1.59–14.12, p < 0.005), or three times (OR 2.62, 95% CI 1.72–3.99, p < 0.01) higher, respectively, than of those who had not experienced these symptoms. Individuals who experienced fatigue while having COVID-19 were seven times more likely to develop PLC fatigue than those who had not (OR 6.52, 95% CI: 4.29–9.91, p < 0.0001). Our findings revealed that 13% of the individuals who had previously suffered from COVID-19 subsequently reported having PLC. Furthermore, COVID-19-associated anxiety, hyposmia, heart palpitations, and fatigue were, among others, significant determinants for the development of PLC symptoms. Hyposmia has not previously been reported as an independent predictive factor for PLC. We suggest closely monitoring patients with COVID-19-induced fatigue, heart palpitations, and anxiety, as these symptoms may be predictors of PLC symptoms, including fatigue. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9738553 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-97385532022-12-11 Factors Associated with Self-Reported Post/Long-COVID—A Real-World Data Study Thronicke, Anja Hinse, Maximilian Weinert, Stefanie Jakubowski, Alexandra Grieb, Gerrit Matthes, Harald Int J Environ Res Public Health Article Evidence suggests that Post/Long-COVID (PLC) is associated with a reduced health-related quality of life, however little knowledge exists on the risk factors that contribute to PLC. The objective of this prospective real-world data study was to evaluate factors associated with PLC using national online survey data. Adjusted multivariable regression analyses were performed using the software R. Between 14 April and 15 June 2021, 99 registered individuals reported to have suffered from PLC symptoms and the most common PLC symptoms reported were fatigue, dyspnoea, decreased strength, hyposmia, and memory loss. The odds of individuals suffering from COVID-19-associated anxiety, hyposmia, or heart palpitations developing PLC were eight times (OR 8.28, 95% CI 1.43–47.85, p < 0.01), five times (OR 4.74, 95% CI 1.59–14.12, p < 0.005), or three times (OR 2.62, 95% CI 1.72–3.99, p < 0.01) higher, respectively, than of those who had not experienced these symptoms. Individuals who experienced fatigue while having COVID-19 were seven times more likely to develop PLC fatigue than those who had not (OR 6.52, 95% CI: 4.29–9.91, p < 0.0001). Our findings revealed that 13% of the individuals who had previously suffered from COVID-19 subsequently reported having PLC. Furthermore, COVID-19-associated anxiety, hyposmia, heart palpitations, and fatigue were, among others, significant determinants for the development of PLC symptoms. Hyposmia has not previously been reported as an independent predictive factor for PLC. We suggest closely monitoring patients with COVID-19-induced fatigue, heart palpitations, and anxiety, as these symptoms may be predictors of PLC symptoms, including fatigue. MDPI 2022-12-02 /pmc/articles/PMC9738553/ /pubmed/36498197 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192316124 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Thronicke, Anja Hinse, Maximilian Weinert, Stefanie Jakubowski, Alexandra Grieb, Gerrit Matthes, Harald Factors Associated with Self-Reported Post/Long-COVID—A Real-World Data Study |
title | Factors Associated with Self-Reported Post/Long-COVID—A Real-World Data Study |
title_full | Factors Associated with Self-Reported Post/Long-COVID—A Real-World Data Study |
title_fullStr | Factors Associated with Self-Reported Post/Long-COVID—A Real-World Data Study |
title_full_unstemmed | Factors Associated with Self-Reported Post/Long-COVID—A Real-World Data Study |
title_short | Factors Associated with Self-Reported Post/Long-COVID—A Real-World Data Study |
title_sort | factors associated with self-reported post/long-covid—a real-world data study |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9738553/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36498197 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192316124 |
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