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Serum Kynurenic Acid and Kynurenine Are Negatively Associated with the Risk of Adult Moyamoya Disease
Background and aim. Kynurenine (KYN) and kynurenic acid (KYNA) are key intermediate metabolites associated with inflammation and immune responses in the kynurenine pathway. It remains unknown whether KYN or KYNA is associated with the risk of adult moyamoya disease (MMD). The aim of this study was t...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9739245/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36498644 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11237069 |
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author | Yu, Xiaofan Ge, Peicong Zhai, Yuanren Liu, Wei Zhang, Qian Ye, Xun Liu, Xingju Wang, Rong Zhang, Yan Zhao, Jizong Zhang, Dong |
author_facet | Yu, Xiaofan Ge, Peicong Zhai, Yuanren Liu, Wei Zhang, Qian Ye, Xun Liu, Xingju Wang, Rong Zhang, Yan Zhao, Jizong Zhang, Dong |
author_sort | Yu, Xiaofan |
collection | PubMed |
description | Background and aim. Kynurenine (KYN) and kynurenic acid (KYNA) are key intermediate metabolites associated with inflammation and immune responses in the kynurenine pathway. It remains unknown whether KYN or KYNA is associated with the risk of adult moyamoya disease (MMD). The aim of this study was to prospectively investigate the association between serum KYN or KYNA and the risk of adult MMD. Methods. The study was conducted from July 2020 to December 2021. We measured serum KYN and KYNA levels for 360 adult MMD patients (259 cases of ischemic MMD, 101 cases of hemorrhagic MMD) and 89 age-sex-matched healthy controls. Clinical and laboratory characteristics were collected from the medical record. Results. After multivariate adjustment, decreased serum KYNA (OR, 0.085; 95% CI, 0.035–0.206; p = 0.000) or KYN (OR, 0.430; 95% CI, 0.225–0.820; p = 0.010) levels were associated with increased risk of MMD when upper and lower tertiles were compared. In addition, a higher trend of hemorrhagic MMD was found in MMD patients in KYNA tertile 1 compared with those in tertile 2 to 3 (OR, 0.584; 95% CI, 0.345–0.987; p = 0.044). Addition of serum KYNA (net reclassification improvement: 73.24%, p = 0.000; integrated discrimination improvement: 9.60%, p = 0.000) or KYN (integrated discrimination improvement: 1.70%, p = 0.037) to conventional risk factors significantly improved the risk prediction of MMD. In the exploratory analysis, we observed an interaction between KYN and age (≥40 versus <40 years) or homocysteine levels (≥13.0 versus <13.0 μmol/L) on the risk of MMD. Conclusions. Decreased serum KYNA or KYN levels were associated with an increased risk of adult MMD, suggesting that serum KYNA or KYN may be a valuable predictive biomarker for adult MMD. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9739245 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-97392452022-12-11 Serum Kynurenic Acid and Kynurenine Are Negatively Associated with the Risk of Adult Moyamoya Disease Yu, Xiaofan Ge, Peicong Zhai, Yuanren Liu, Wei Zhang, Qian Ye, Xun Liu, Xingju Wang, Rong Zhang, Yan Zhao, Jizong Zhang, Dong J Clin Med Article Background and aim. Kynurenine (KYN) and kynurenic acid (KYNA) are key intermediate metabolites associated with inflammation and immune responses in the kynurenine pathway. It remains unknown whether KYN or KYNA is associated with the risk of adult moyamoya disease (MMD). The aim of this study was to prospectively investigate the association between serum KYN or KYNA and the risk of adult MMD. Methods. The study was conducted from July 2020 to December 2021. We measured serum KYN and KYNA levels for 360 adult MMD patients (259 cases of ischemic MMD, 101 cases of hemorrhagic MMD) and 89 age-sex-matched healthy controls. Clinical and laboratory characteristics were collected from the medical record. Results. After multivariate adjustment, decreased serum KYNA (OR, 0.085; 95% CI, 0.035–0.206; p = 0.000) or KYN (OR, 0.430; 95% CI, 0.225–0.820; p = 0.010) levels were associated with increased risk of MMD when upper and lower tertiles were compared. In addition, a higher trend of hemorrhagic MMD was found in MMD patients in KYNA tertile 1 compared with those in tertile 2 to 3 (OR, 0.584; 95% CI, 0.345–0.987; p = 0.044). Addition of serum KYNA (net reclassification improvement: 73.24%, p = 0.000; integrated discrimination improvement: 9.60%, p = 0.000) or KYN (integrated discrimination improvement: 1.70%, p = 0.037) to conventional risk factors significantly improved the risk prediction of MMD. In the exploratory analysis, we observed an interaction between KYN and age (≥40 versus <40 years) or homocysteine levels (≥13.0 versus <13.0 μmol/L) on the risk of MMD. Conclusions. Decreased serum KYNA or KYN levels were associated with an increased risk of adult MMD, suggesting that serum KYNA or KYN may be a valuable predictive biomarker for adult MMD. MDPI 2022-11-29 /pmc/articles/PMC9739245/ /pubmed/36498644 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11237069 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Yu, Xiaofan Ge, Peicong Zhai, Yuanren Liu, Wei Zhang, Qian Ye, Xun Liu, Xingju Wang, Rong Zhang, Yan Zhao, Jizong Zhang, Dong Serum Kynurenic Acid and Kynurenine Are Negatively Associated with the Risk of Adult Moyamoya Disease |
title | Serum Kynurenic Acid and Kynurenine Are Negatively Associated with the Risk of Adult Moyamoya Disease |
title_full | Serum Kynurenic Acid and Kynurenine Are Negatively Associated with the Risk of Adult Moyamoya Disease |
title_fullStr | Serum Kynurenic Acid and Kynurenine Are Negatively Associated with the Risk of Adult Moyamoya Disease |
title_full_unstemmed | Serum Kynurenic Acid and Kynurenine Are Negatively Associated with the Risk of Adult Moyamoya Disease |
title_short | Serum Kynurenic Acid and Kynurenine Are Negatively Associated with the Risk of Adult Moyamoya Disease |
title_sort | serum kynurenic acid and kynurenine are negatively associated with the risk of adult moyamoya disease |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9739245/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36498644 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11237069 |
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