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Early Detection of Refractive Errors by Photorefraction at School Age
Early detection and treatment of refractive defects during school age are essential to avoid irreversible future vision loss and potential school problems. Previously, vision screening of preschool children used methods based on subjective visual acuity; however, technologies such as photorefraction...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9739333/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36497952 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192315880 |
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author | Alvarez, Marta Benedi-Garcia, Clara Concepcion-Grande, Pablo Dotor, Paulina Gonzalez, Amelia Chamorro, Eva Cleva, Jose Miguel |
author_facet | Alvarez, Marta Benedi-Garcia, Clara Concepcion-Grande, Pablo Dotor, Paulina Gonzalez, Amelia Chamorro, Eva Cleva, Jose Miguel |
author_sort | Alvarez, Marta |
collection | PubMed |
description | Early detection and treatment of refractive defects during school age are essential to avoid irreversible future vision loss and potential school problems. Previously, vision screening of preschool children used methods based on subjective visual acuity; however, technologies such as photorefraction have promoted the detection of refractive errors quickly and easily. In this study, 1347 children from 10 schools in Madrid aged 4 to 12 years participated in a program of early detection of visual problems, which consisted of visual screening composed of anamnesis and photorefraction with a PlusOptix A12R. The prevalence of refractive errors was analyzed in terms of spherical equivalent, cylinder and its orientation, and potential cases of development of high myopia or amblyopia. Hyperopia predominates in the early years, but the number of myopic subjects is higher than that of hyperopic subjects from the age of ten onwards. At all ages, the predominant orientation of astigmatism was with-the-rule. On average, 80% of the myopic subjects were uncorrected. Potential high myopia increased with age, from 4 to 21% of the measured population. Potential amblyopia cases decreased across age groups, from 19 to 13.7%. There is a need to raise awareness of the importance of vision screening at school age to address vision problems. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9739333 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-97393332022-12-11 Early Detection of Refractive Errors by Photorefraction at School Age Alvarez, Marta Benedi-Garcia, Clara Concepcion-Grande, Pablo Dotor, Paulina Gonzalez, Amelia Chamorro, Eva Cleva, Jose Miguel Int J Environ Res Public Health Article Early detection and treatment of refractive defects during school age are essential to avoid irreversible future vision loss and potential school problems. Previously, vision screening of preschool children used methods based on subjective visual acuity; however, technologies such as photorefraction have promoted the detection of refractive errors quickly and easily. In this study, 1347 children from 10 schools in Madrid aged 4 to 12 years participated in a program of early detection of visual problems, which consisted of visual screening composed of anamnesis and photorefraction with a PlusOptix A12R. The prevalence of refractive errors was analyzed in terms of spherical equivalent, cylinder and its orientation, and potential cases of development of high myopia or amblyopia. Hyperopia predominates in the early years, but the number of myopic subjects is higher than that of hyperopic subjects from the age of ten onwards. At all ages, the predominant orientation of astigmatism was with-the-rule. On average, 80% of the myopic subjects were uncorrected. Potential high myopia increased with age, from 4 to 21% of the measured population. Potential amblyopia cases decreased across age groups, from 19 to 13.7%. There is a need to raise awareness of the importance of vision screening at school age to address vision problems. MDPI 2022-11-29 /pmc/articles/PMC9739333/ /pubmed/36497952 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192315880 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Alvarez, Marta Benedi-Garcia, Clara Concepcion-Grande, Pablo Dotor, Paulina Gonzalez, Amelia Chamorro, Eva Cleva, Jose Miguel Early Detection of Refractive Errors by Photorefraction at School Age |
title | Early Detection of Refractive Errors by Photorefraction at School Age |
title_full | Early Detection of Refractive Errors by Photorefraction at School Age |
title_fullStr | Early Detection of Refractive Errors by Photorefraction at School Age |
title_full_unstemmed | Early Detection of Refractive Errors by Photorefraction at School Age |
title_short | Early Detection of Refractive Errors by Photorefraction at School Age |
title_sort | early detection of refractive errors by photorefraction at school age |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9739333/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36497952 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192315880 |
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