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Nutraceuticals and the Network of Obesity Modulators
Obesity is considered an increasingly widespread disease in the world population, regardless of age and gender. Genetic but also lifestyle-dependent causes have been identified. Nutrition and physical exercise play an important role, especially in non-genetic obesity. In a three-compartment model, t...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9739360/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36501129 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14235099 |
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author | Ammendola, Sergio Scotto d’Abusco, Anna |
author_facet | Ammendola, Sergio Scotto d’Abusco, Anna |
author_sort | Ammendola, Sergio |
collection | PubMed |
description | Obesity is considered an increasingly widespread disease in the world population, regardless of age and gender. Genetic but also lifestyle-dependent causes have been identified. Nutrition and physical exercise play an important role, especially in non-genetic obesity. In a three-compartment model, the body is divided into fat mass, fat-free mass and water, and obesity can be considered a condition in which the percentage of total fat mass is in excess. People with a high BMI index or overweight use self-medications, such as food supplements or teas, with the aim to prevent or treat their problem. Unfortunately, there are several obesity modulators that act both on the pathways that promote adipogenesis and those that inhibit lipolysis. Moreover, these pathways involve different tissues and organs, so it is very difficult to identify anti-obesity substances. A network of factors and cells contributes to the accumulation of fat in completely different body districts. The identification of natural anti-obesity agents should consider this network, which we would like to call “obesosome”. The nutrigenomic, nutrigenetic and epigenetic contribute to making the identification of active compounds very difficult. This narrative review aims to highlight nutraceuticals that, in vitro or in vivo, showed an anti-obesity activity or were found to be useful in the control of dysfunctions which are secondary to obesity. The results suggest that it is not possible to use a single compound to treat obesity, but that the studies have to be addressed towards the identification of mixtures of nutraceuticals. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9739360 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-97393602022-12-11 Nutraceuticals and the Network of Obesity Modulators Ammendola, Sergio Scotto d’Abusco, Anna Nutrients Review Obesity is considered an increasingly widespread disease in the world population, regardless of age and gender. Genetic but also lifestyle-dependent causes have been identified. Nutrition and physical exercise play an important role, especially in non-genetic obesity. In a three-compartment model, the body is divided into fat mass, fat-free mass and water, and obesity can be considered a condition in which the percentage of total fat mass is in excess. People with a high BMI index or overweight use self-medications, such as food supplements or teas, with the aim to prevent or treat their problem. Unfortunately, there are several obesity modulators that act both on the pathways that promote adipogenesis and those that inhibit lipolysis. Moreover, these pathways involve different tissues and organs, so it is very difficult to identify anti-obesity substances. A network of factors and cells contributes to the accumulation of fat in completely different body districts. The identification of natural anti-obesity agents should consider this network, which we would like to call “obesosome”. The nutrigenomic, nutrigenetic and epigenetic contribute to making the identification of active compounds very difficult. This narrative review aims to highlight nutraceuticals that, in vitro or in vivo, showed an anti-obesity activity or were found to be useful in the control of dysfunctions which are secondary to obesity. The results suggest that it is not possible to use a single compound to treat obesity, but that the studies have to be addressed towards the identification of mixtures of nutraceuticals. MDPI 2022-12-01 /pmc/articles/PMC9739360/ /pubmed/36501129 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14235099 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Ammendola, Sergio Scotto d’Abusco, Anna Nutraceuticals and the Network of Obesity Modulators |
title | Nutraceuticals and the Network of Obesity Modulators |
title_full | Nutraceuticals and the Network of Obesity Modulators |
title_fullStr | Nutraceuticals and the Network of Obesity Modulators |
title_full_unstemmed | Nutraceuticals and the Network of Obesity Modulators |
title_short | Nutraceuticals and the Network of Obesity Modulators |
title_sort | nutraceuticals and the network of obesity modulators |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9739360/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36501129 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14235099 |
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