Synthesis and Characterization of g-C(3)N(4)/Ag(3)PO(4)/TiO(2)/PVDF Membrane with Remarkable Self-Cleaning Properties for Rhodamine B Removal

g-C(3)N(4)/Ag(3)PO(4)/TiO(2) nanocomposite materials were loaded onto a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane using a phase inversion method to obtain a photocatalytic flat membrane for dye removal. The morphology, structure, and photocatalytic activity of the g-C(3)N(4)/Ag(3)PO(4)/TiO(2) nanoparticles and composite membrane were evaluated. The g-C(3)N(4)/Ag(3)PO(4)/TiO(2)/PVDF membrane exhibited superior morphology, hydrophilic properties, and antifouling performance compared with the raw PVDF membrane. Four-stage filtration was performed to evaluate the self-cleaning and antifouling capacity of the g-C(3)N(4)/Ag(3)PO(4)/TiO(2)/PVDF membrane. Upon irradiating the composite membrane with visible light for 30 min, its irreversible fouling resistance (Rir) was low (9%), and its flux recovery rate (FRR) was high (71.0%) after five filtration cycles. The removal rate of rhodamine B (RhB) from the composite membrane under visible light irradiation reached 98.1% owing to the high photocatalytic activity of the membrane, which was superior to that of raw PVDF membrane (42.5%). A mechanism of photocatalytic composite membranes for RhB degradation was proposed. Therefore, this study is expected to broaden prospects in the field of membrane filtration technology.