Juniperus horizontalis Moench: Chemical Composition, Herbicidal and Insecticidal Activities of Its Essential Oil and of Its Main Component, Sabinene

The composition, herbicidal, larvicidal, and toxic activities of Juniperus horizontalis Moench essential oil and sabinene, its main component, were evaluated. The seed germination percentage and root length of eight different plant species (crops and weeds) were measured for in vitro herbicidal activity tests. Different doses (100, 50, 10, 5, 1, 0.5 µg/mL) of the samples were applied to seeds for 120 h. The same doses were applied to test the toxicity of the samples on Tubifex tubifex (sludge worm) and Chironomus aprilinus (blood worm). Four doses (435, 652.5, 870, and 1740) of samples were in a larvicidal test on Tenebrio molitor L. (mealworm), and bioassays were checked after 24 and 48 h. The analysis of the oil allowed for the identification of dominant components as sabinene (38.7%), α-pinene (10.0%), elemol (8.6%), γ-terpinene (8.3%), limonene (7.8%) and α-thujene (5.3%). The results showed that the effect of oil on root length inhibition was significant in all crop species. The doses which affected root growth were not toxic to Tubifex tubifex and Chironomus aprilinus. Finally, the obtained results in the larvicidal bioassay indicate that the potential of J. horizontalis in yellow mealworm survivorship limitation can be a starting point for future research.