The Application of 3D Imaging as an Appropriate Method of Wildlife Craniometry: Evaluation of Accuracy and Measurement Efficiency

SIMPLE SUMMARY: Modern 3D imaging methods offer many scientific disciplines the opportunity to take their results to the next level. Using standard measurement methods, a CT scanner and a 3D scanner, we have established a methodology for using these devices for craniometric measurements. Craniometry is an important means of obtaining information on population quality and its long-term evolution, not only in wildlife species. In the case of these measurements, an important aspect is the accuracy and time efficiency of the methods used. It has been shown that 3D imaging technologies are able to obtain high quality data in comparable time to standard methods. A comparison of methods has proven that both the CT scanner and the 3D scanner can achieve accurate values, measure a larger range of variables, and store digital copies of the object for archiving or future research. ABSTRACT: The suitability of CT and 3D scanners for craniometric proposes was tested using digital calipers when determining linear measurements, and a measuring cylinder was used for the accuracy of 3D printing of deer antlers obtained by the CT and 3D scanners. The resolution of digitized objects from a 3D scanner ranged from 0.008 mm to 0.122 mm. For mandibular dimensions, a positive deviation (p < 0.01) from the primary control measurement was recorded. The average antler volume measured with the cylinder was 60.47 cm(3) at the first measurement, in the case of the CT scanner 61.62 cm(3) and for the 3D scanner 64.76 cm(3)—both technologies exhibit a positive deviation from the primary measurement. Precise sensing and measurements can be used to evaluate the quality and evolution of wildlife populations, create digital museum collections, or to examine in detail certain traits such as antler and horn development or dentition.