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Out of the Shadow: Blue Light Exposure Induces Apoptosis in Müller Cells

Awareness toward the risks of blue light (BL) exposure is rising due to increased use of BL-enriched LEDs in displays. Short-wave BL (400–500 nm) has a high photochemical energy, leading to the enhanced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). BL potentially plays a role in causing dry eye, cata...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Fietz, Agnes, Hurst, José, Schnichels, Sven
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9739907/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36498867
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232314540
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author Fietz, Agnes
Hurst, José
Schnichels, Sven
author_facet Fietz, Agnes
Hurst, José
Schnichels, Sven
author_sort Fietz, Agnes
collection PubMed
description Awareness toward the risks of blue light (BL) exposure is rising due to increased use of BL-enriched LEDs in displays. Short-wave BL (400–500 nm) has a high photochemical energy, leading to the enhanced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). BL potentially plays a role in causing dry eye, cataracts, and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The effect of BL on retinal pigment epithelium cells (RPEs) or photoreceptors has been extensively investigated. In contrast, only a few studies have investigated the effects of BL exposure on Müller cells (MCs). This is mainly due to their lack of photosensitive elements and the common assumption that their reaction to stress is only secondary in disease development. However, MCs perform important supportive, secretory, and immune functions in the retina, making them essential for retinal survival. Increased oxidative stress is a key player in many retinal diseases such as AMD or glaucoma. We hypothesize that increased oxidative stress can also affect MCs. Thus, we simulated oxidative stress levels by exposing primary porcine MCs and human MIO-M1 cells to BL. To confirm the wavelength-specificity, the cells were further exposed to red (RL), purple (PL), and white light (WL). BL and WL exposure increased ROS levels, but only BL exposure led to apoptosis in primary MCs. Thus, BL accounted for the harmful part of WL exposure. When cells were simultaneously exposed to BL and RL (i.e., PL), cell damage due to BL could be partly prevented, as could the inhibition of p53, demonstrating the protective effect of RL and p53 dependency. In contrast, BL hardly induced apoptosis in MIO-M1 cells, which is likely due to the immortalization of the cells. Therefore, enhanced oxidative stress levels can significantly harm MC function, probably leading to decreased retinal survival and, thus, further enhancing the progression of retinal diseases. Preventing the cell death of these essential retinal cells represents a promising therapy option to enhance retinal survival.
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spelling pubmed-97399072022-12-11 Out of the Shadow: Blue Light Exposure Induces Apoptosis in Müller Cells Fietz, Agnes Hurst, José Schnichels, Sven Int J Mol Sci Article Awareness toward the risks of blue light (BL) exposure is rising due to increased use of BL-enriched LEDs in displays. Short-wave BL (400–500 nm) has a high photochemical energy, leading to the enhanced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). BL potentially plays a role in causing dry eye, cataracts, and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The effect of BL on retinal pigment epithelium cells (RPEs) or photoreceptors has been extensively investigated. In contrast, only a few studies have investigated the effects of BL exposure on Müller cells (MCs). This is mainly due to their lack of photosensitive elements and the common assumption that their reaction to stress is only secondary in disease development. However, MCs perform important supportive, secretory, and immune functions in the retina, making them essential for retinal survival. Increased oxidative stress is a key player in many retinal diseases such as AMD or glaucoma. We hypothesize that increased oxidative stress can also affect MCs. Thus, we simulated oxidative stress levels by exposing primary porcine MCs and human MIO-M1 cells to BL. To confirm the wavelength-specificity, the cells were further exposed to red (RL), purple (PL), and white light (WL). BL and WL exposure increased ROS levels, but only BL exposure led to apoptosis in primary MCs. Thus, BL accounted for the harmful part of WL exposure. When cells were simultaneously exposed to BL and RL (i.e., PL), cell damage due to BL could be partly prevented, as could the inhibition of p53, demonstrating the protective effect of RL and p53 dependency. In contrast, BL hardly induced apoptosis in MIO-M1 cells, which is likely due to the immortalization of the cells. Therefore, enhanced oxidative stress levels can significantly harm MC function, probably leading to decreased retinal survival and, thus, further enhancing the progression of retinal diseases. Preventing the cell death of these essential retinal cells represents a promising therapy option to enhance retinal survival. MDPI 2022-11-22 /pmc/articles/PMC9739907/ /pubmed/36498867 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232314540 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Fietz, Agnes
Hurst, José
Schnichels, Sven
Out of the Shadow: Blue Light Exposure Induces Apoptosis in Müller Cells
title Out of the Shadow: Blue Light Exposure Induces Apoptosis in Müller Cells
title_full Out of the Shadow: Blue Light Exposure Induces Apoptosis in Müller Cells
title_fullStr Out of the Shadow: Blue Light Exposure Induces Apoptosis in Müller Cells
title_full_unstemmed Out of the Shadow: Blue Light Exposure Induces Apoptosis in Müller Cells
title_short Out of the Shadow: Blue Light Exposure Induces Apoptosis in Müller Cells
title_sort out of the shadow: blue light exposure induces apoptosis in müller cells
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9739907/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36498867
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232314540
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