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Camel (Camelus spp.) Urine Bioactivity and Metabolome: A Systematic Review of Knowledge Gaps, Advances, and Directions for Future Research

Up to the present day, studies on the therapeutic properties of camel (Camelus spp.) urine and the detailed characterization of its metabolomic profile are scarce and often unrelated. Information on inter individual variability is noticeably limited, and there is a wide divergence across studies reg...

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Autores principales: Iglesias Pastrana, Carlos, Delgado Bermejo, Juan Vicente, Sgobba, Maria Noemi, Navas González, Francisco Javier, Guerra, Lorenzo, Pinto, Diana C. G. A., Gil, Ana M., Duarte, Iola F., Lentini, Giovanni, Ciani, Elena
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9740287/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36499353
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232315024
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author Iglesias Pastrana, Carlos
Delgado Bermejo, Juan Vicente
Sgobba, Maria Noemi
Navas González, Francisco Javier
Guerra, Lorenzo
Pinto, Diana C. G. A.
Gil, Ana M.
Duarte, Iola F.
Lentini, Giovanni
Ciani, Elena
author_facet Iglesias Pastrana, Carlos
Delgado Bermejo, Juan Vicente
Sgobba, Maria Noemi
Navas González, Francisco Javier
Guerra, Lorenzo
Pinto, Diana C. G. A.
Gil, Ana M.
Duarte, Iola F.
Lentini, Giovanni
Ciani, Elena
author_sort Iglesias Pastrana, Carlos
collection PubMed
description Up to the present day, studies on the therapeutic properties of camel (Camelus spp.) urine and the detailed characterization of its metabolomic profile are scarce and often unrelated. Information on inter individual variability is noticeably limited, and there is a wide divergence across studies regarding the methods for sample storage, pre-processing, and extract derivatization for metabolomic analysis. Additionally, medium osmolarity is not experimentally adjusted prior to bioactivity assays. In this scenario, the methodological standardization and interdisciplinary approach of such processes will strengthen the interpretation, repeatability, and replicability of the empirical results on the compounds with bioactive properties present in camel urine. Furthermore, sample enlargement would also permit the evaluation of camel urine’s intra- and interindividual variability in terms of chemical composition, bioactive effects, and efficacy, while it may also permit researchers to discriminate potential animal-intrinsic and extrinsic conditioning factors. Altogether, the results would help to evaluate the role of camel urine as a natural source for the identification and extraction of specific novel bioactive substances that may deserve isolated chemical and pharmacognostic investigations through preclinical tests to determine their biological activity and the suitability of their safety profile for their potential inclusion in therapeutic formulas for improving human and animal health.
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spelling pubmed-97402872022-12-11 Camel (Camelus spp.) Urine Bioactivity and Metabolome: A Systematic Review of Knowledge Gaps, Advances, and Directions for Future Research Iglesias Pastrana, Carlos Delgado Bermejo, Juan Vicente Sgobba, Maria Noemi Navas González, Francisco Javier Guerra, Lorenzo Pinto, Diana C. G. A. Gil, Ana M. Duarte, Iola F. Lentini, Giovanni Ciani, Elena Int J Mol Sci Review Up to the present day, studies on the therapeutic properties of camel (Camelus spp.) urine and the detailed characterization of its metabolomic profile are scarce and often unrelated. Information on inter individual variability is noticeably limited, and there is a wide divergence across studies regarding the methods for sample storage, pre-processing, and extract derivatization for metabolomic analysis. Additionally, medium osmolarity is not experimentally adjusted prior to bioactivity assays. In this scenario, the methodological standardization and interdisciplinary approach of such processes will strengthen the interpretation, repeatability, and replicability of the empirical results on the compounds with bioactive properties present in camel urine. Furthermore, sample enlargement would also permit the evaluation of camel urine’s intra- and interindividual variability in terms of chemical composition, bioactive effects, and efficacy, while it may also permit researchers to discriminate potential animal-intrinsic and extrinsic conditioning factors. Altogether, the results would help to evaluate the role of camel urine as a natural source for the identification and extraction of specific novel bioactive substances that may deserve isolated chemical and pharmacognostic investigations through preclinical tests to determine their biological activity and the suitability of their safety profile for their potential inclusion in therapeutic formulas for improving human and animal health. MDPI 2022-11-30 /pmc/articles/PMC9740287/ /pubmed/36499353 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232315024 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Iglesias Pastrana, Carlos
Delgado Bermejo, Juan Vicente
Sgobba, Maria Noemi
Navas González, Francisco Javier
Guerra, Lorenzo
Pinto, Diana C. G. A.
Gil, Ana M.
Duarte, Iola F.
Lentini, Giovanni
Ciani, Elena
Camel (Camelus spp.) Urine Bioactivity and Metabolome: A Systematic Review of Knowledge Gaps, Advances, and Directions for Future Research
title Camel (Camelus spp.) Urine Bioactivity and Metabolome: A Systematic Review of Knowledge Gaps, Advances, and Directions for Future Research
title_full Camel (Camelus spp.) Urine Bioactivity and Metabolome: A Systematic Review of Knowledge Gaps, Advances, and Directions for Future Research
title_fullStr Camel (Camelus spp.) Urine Bioactivity and Metabolome: A Systematic Review of Knowledge Gaps, Advances, and Directions for Future Research
title_full_unstemmed Camel (Camelus spp.) Urine Bioactivity and Metabolome: A Systematic Review of Knowledge Gaps, Advances, and Directions for Future Research
title_short Camel (Camelus spp.) Urine Bioactivity and Metabolome: A Systematic Review of Knowledge Gaps, Advances, and Directions for Future Research
title_sort camel (camelus spp.) urine bioactivity and metabolome: a systematic review of knowledge gaps, advances, and directions for future research
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9740287/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36499353
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232315024
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