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Osteomalacia Is Not a Single Disease

Among bone-material qualities, mineralization is pivotal in conferring stiffness and toughness to the bone. Osteomalacia, a disease ensuing from inadequate mineralization of the skeleton, is caused by different processes leading to decreased available mineral (calcium and/or phosphate) or enzymatic...

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Autor principal: Cianferotti, Luisella
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9740398/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36499221
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232314896
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author Cianferotti, Luisella
author_facet Cianferotti, Luisella
author_sort Cianferotti, Luisella
collection PubMed
description Among bone-material qualities, mineralization is pivotal in conferring stiffness and toughness to the bone. Osteomalacia, a disease ensuing from inadequate mineralization of the skeleton, is caused by different processes leading to decreased available mineral (calcium and/or phosphate) or enzymatic alterations. Vitamin D deficiency, which remains the major cause of altered mineralization leading to inadequate intestinal calcium and phosphate absorption, may be also associated with other conditions primarily responsible for abnormal mineralization. Given the reality of widespread vitamin D inadequacy, a full biochemical assessment of mineral metabolism is always necessary to rule out or confirm other conditions. Both too-high or too-low serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels are important for diagnosis. Osteomalacic syndrome is reversible, at least in part, by specific treatment. Osteomalacia and bone mineralization themselves constitute largely unexplored fields of research. The true prevalence of the different forms of osteomalacia and the recovery after proper therapy have yet to be determined in the real world. Although non-invasive techniques to assess bone mineralization are not available in clinical practice, the systematic assessment of bone quality could help in refining the diagnosis and guiding the treatment. This review summarizes what is known of osteomalacia recent therapeutic developments and highlights the future issues of research in this field.
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spelling pubmed-97403982022-12-11 Osteomalacia Is Not a Single Disease Cianferotti, Luisella Int J Mol Sci Review Among bone-material qualities, mineralization is pivotal in conferring stiffness and toughness to the bone. Osteomalacia, a disease ensuing from inadequate mineralization of the skeleton, is caused by different processes leading to decreased available mineral (calcium and/or phosphate) or enzymatic alterations. Vitamin D deficiency, which remains the major cause of altered mineralization leading to inadequate intestinal calcium and phosphate absorption, may be also associated with other conditions primarily responsible for abnormal mineralization. Given the reality of widespread vitamin D inadequacy, a full biochemical assessment of mineral metabolism is always necessary to rule out or confirm other conditions. Both too-high or too-low serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels are important for diagnosis. Osteomalacic syndrome is reversible, at least in part, by specific treatment. Osteomalacia and bone mineralization themselves constitute largely unexplored fields of research. The true prevalence of the different forms of osteomalacia and the recovery after proper therapy have yet to be determined in the real world. Although non-invasive techniques to assess bone mineralization are not available in clinical practice, the systematic assessment of bone quality could help in refining the diagnosis and guiding the treatment. This review summarizes what is known of osteomalacia recent therapeutic developments and highlights the future issues of research in this field. MDPI 2022-11-28 /pmc/articles/PMC9740398/ /pubmed/36499221 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232314896 Text en © 2022 by the author. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Cianferotti, Luisella
Osteomalacia Is Not a Single Disease
title Osteomalacia Is Not a Single Disease
title_full Osteomalacia Is Not a Single Disease
title_fullStr Osteomalacia Is Not a Single Disease
title_full_unstemmed Osteomalacia Is Not a Single Disease
title_short Osteomalacia Is Not a Single Disease
title_sort osteomalacia is not a single disease
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9740398/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36499221
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232314896
work_keys_str_mv AT cianferottiluisella osteomalaciaisnotasingledisease