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Metabolic and Oxidative Changes in the Fern Adiantum raddianum upon Foliar Application of Metals
Cadmium (Cd) or nickel (Ni) were applied as a foliar spray (1 µM solution over one month) to mimic air pollution and to monitor metabolic responses and oxidative stress in the pteridophyte species. Exogenous metals did not affect the metal content of the soil and had relatively little effect on the...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9740585/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36499062 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232314736 |
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author | Kováčik, Jozef Husáková, Lenka Babula, Petr Matušíková, Ildikó |
author_facet | Kováčik, Jozef Husáková, Lenka Babula, Petr Matušíková, Ildikó |
author_sort | Kováčik, Jozef |
collection | PubMed |
description | Cadmium (Cd) or nickel (Ni) were applied as a foliar spray (1 µM solution over one month) to mimic air pollution and to monitor metabolic responses and oxidative stress in the pteridophyte species. Exogenous metals did not affect the metal content of the soil and had relatively little effect on the essential elements in leaves or rhizomes. The amounts of Cd and Ni were similar in treated leaves (7.2 µg Cd or 5.3 µg Ni/g DW in mature leaves compared with 0.4 µg Cd or 1.2 µg Ni/g DW in the respective control leaves), but Ni was more abundant in rhizomes (56.6 µg Ni or 3.4 µg Cd/g DW), resulting in a higher Cd translocation and bioaccumulation factor. The theoretical calculation revealed that ca. 4% of Cd and 5.5% of Ni from the applied solution per plant/pot was absorbed. Excess Cd induced stronger ROS production followed by changes in SOD and CAT activities, whereas nitric oxide (NO) stimulation was less intense, as detected by confocal microscopy. The hadrocentric vascular bundles in the petioles also showed higher ROS and NO signals under metal excess. This may be a sign of increased ROS formation, and high correlations were observed. Proteins and amino acids were stimulated by Cd or Ni application in individual organs, whereas phenols and flavonols were almost unaffected. The data suggest that even low levels of exogenous metals induce an oxidative imbalance, although no visible damage is observed, and that the responses of ferns to metals are similar to those of seed plants or algae. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9740585 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-97405852022-12-11 Metabolic and Oxidative Changes in the Fern Adiantum raddianum upon Foliar Application of Metals Kováčik, Jozef Husáková, Lenka Babula, Petr Matušíková, Ildikó Int J Mol Sci Article Cadmium (Cd) or nickel (Ni) were applied as a foliar spray (1 µM solution over one month) to mimic air pollution and to monitor metabolic responses and oxidative stress in the pteridophyte species. Exogenous metals did not affect the metal content of the soil and had relatively little effect on the essential elements in leaves or rhizomes. The amounts of Cd and Ni were similar in treated leaves (7.2 µg Cd or 5.3 µg Ni/g DW in mature leaves compared with 0.4 µg Cd or 1.2 µg Ni/g DW in the respective control leaves), but Ni was more abundant in rhizomes (56.6 µg Ni or 3.4 µg Cd/g DW), resulting in a higher Cd translocation and bioaccumulation factor. The theoretical calculation revealed that ca. 4% of Cd and 5.5% of Ni from the applied solution per plant/pot was absorbed. Excess Cd induced stronger ROS production followed by changes in SOD and CAT activities, whereas nitric oxide (NO) stimulation was less intense, as detected by confocal microscopy. The hadrocentric vascular bundles in the petioles also showed higher ROS and NO signals under metal excess. This may be a sign of increased ROS formation, and high correlations were observed. Proteins and amino acids were stimulated by Cd or Ni application in individual organs, whereas phenols and flavonols were almost unaffected. The data suggest that even low levels of exogenous metals induce an oxidative imbalance, although no visible damage is observed, and that the responses of ferns to metals are similar to those of seed plants or algae. MDPI 2022-11-25 /pmc/articles/PMC9740585/ /pubmed/36499062 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232314736 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Kováčik, Jozef Husáková, Lenka Babula, Petr Matušíková, Ildikó Metabolic and Oxidative Changes in the Fern Adiantum raddianum upon Foliar Application of Metals |
title | Metabolic and Oxidative Changes in the Fern Adiantum raddianum upon Foliar Application of Metals |
title_full | Metabolic and Oxidative Changes in the Fern Adiantum raddianum upon Foliar Application of Metals |
title_fullStr | Metabolic and Oxidative Changes in the Fern Adiantum raddianum upon Foliar Application of Metals |
title_full_unstemmed | Metabolic and Oxidative Changes in the Fern Adiantum raddianum upon Foliar Application of Metals |
title_short | Metabolic and Oxidative Changes in the Fern Adiantum raddianum upon Foliar Application of Metals |
title_sort | metabolic and oxidative changes in the fern adiantum raddianum upon foliar application of metals |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9740585/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36499062 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232314736 |
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