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Design of Cost-Efficient Optical Fronthaul for 5G/6G Networks: An Optimization Perspective
Currently, 5G and the forthcoming 6G mobile communication systems are the most promising cellular generations expected to beat the growing hunger for bandwidth and enable the fully connected world presented by the Internet of Everything (IoE). The cloud radio access network (CRAN) has been proposed...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9740885/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36502096 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22239394 |
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author | Fayad, Abdulhalim Cinkler, Tibor Rak, Jacek Jha, Manish |
author_facet | Fayad, Abdulhalim Cinkler, Tibor Rak, Jacek Jha, Manish |
author_sort | Fayad, Abdulhalim |
collection | PubMed |
description | Currently, 5G and the forthcoming 6G mobile communication systems are the most promising cellular generations expected to beat the growing hunger for bandwidth and enable the fully connected world presented by the Internet of Everything (IoE). The cloud radio access network (CRAN) has been proposed as a promising architecture for meeting the needs and goals of 5G/6G (5G and beyond) networks. Nevertheless, the provisioning of cost-efficient connections between a large number of remote radio heads (RRHs) in the cell sites and the baseband unit (BBU) pool in the central location, known as the fronthaul, has emerged as a new challenge. Many wired and wireless solutions have been proposed to address this bottleneck. Specifically, optical technologies presented by passive optical networks (PONs) are introduced as the best suitable solution for 5G and beyond network fronthaul due to their properties of providing high capacity and low latency connections. We considered time and wavelength division multiplexed passive optical networks (TWDM-PONs) as a fronthaul for 5G and beyond. Taking that into consideration, in this paper, we propose an integer linear program (ILP) that results in the optimal optical fronthaul deployment while minimizing the total cost of 5G and beyond instances. However, for larger network instances, solving the ILP problem becomes unscalable and time-consuming. To address that, we developed two heuristic-based algorithms (the K-means clustering algorithm and the one based on the genetic algorithm—GA). We evaluated the suitability of our proposed ILP and heuristic algorithms in simulations by utilizing them to plan different network instances (dense and sparse). |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9740885 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-97408852022-12-11 Design of Cost-Efficient Optical Fronthaul for 5G/6G Networks: An Optimization Perspective Fayad, Abdulhalim Cinkler, Tibor Rak, Jacek Jha, Manish Sensors (Basel) Article Currently, 5G and the forthcoming 6G mobile communication systems are the most promising cellular generations expected to beat the growing hunger for bandwidth and enable the fully connected world presented by the Internet of Everything (IoE). The cloud radio access network (CRAN) has been proposed as a promising architecture for meeting the needs and goals of 5G/6G (5G and beyond) networks. Nevertheless, the provisioning of cost-efficient connections between a large number of remote radio heads (RRHs) in the cell sites and the baseband unit (BBU) pool in the central location, known as the fronthaul, has emerged as a new challenge. Many wired and wireless solutions have been proposed to address this bottleneck. Specifically, optical technologies presented by passive optical networks (PONs) are introduced as the best suitable solution for 5G and beyond network fronthaul due to their properties of providing high capacity and low latency connections. We considered time and wavelength division multiplexed passive optical networks (TWDM-PONs) as a fronthaul for 5G and beyond. Taking that into consideration, in this paper, we propose an integer linear program (ILP) that results in the optimal optical fronthaul deployment while minimizing the total cost of 5G and beyond instances. However, for larger network instances, solving the ILP problem becomes unscalable and time-consuming. To address that, we developed two heuristic-based algorithms (the K-means clustering algorithm and the one based on the genetic algorithm—GA). We evaluated the suitability of our proposed ILP and heuristic algorithms in simulations by utilizing them to plan different network instances (dense and sparse). MDPI 2022-12-01 /pmc/articles/PMC9740885/ /pubmed/36502096 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22239394 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Fayad, Abdulhalim Cinkler, Tibor Rak, Jacek Jha, Manish Design of Cost-Efficient Optical Fronthaul for 5G/6G Networks: An Optimization Perspective |
title | Design of Cost-Efficient Optical Fronthaul for 5G/6G Networks: An Optimization Perspective |
title_full | Design of Cost-Efficient Optical Fronthaul for 5G/6G Networks: An Optimization Perspective |
title_fullStr | Design of Cost-Efficient Optical Fronthaul for 5G/6G Networks: An Optimization Perspective |
title_full_unstemmed | Design of Cost-Efficient Optical Fronthaul for 5G/6G Networks: An Optimization Perspective |
title_short | Design of Cost-Efficient Optical Fronthaul for 5G/6G Networks: An Optimization Perspective |
title_sort | design of cost-efficient optical fronthaul for 5g/6g networks: an optimization perspective |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9740885/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36502096 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22239394 |
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