Cargando…

Design of Cost-Efficient Optical Fronthaul for 5G/6G Networks: An Optimization Perspective

Currently, 5G and the forthcoming 6G mobile communication systems are the most promising cellular generations expected to beat the growing hunger for bandwidth and enable the fully connected world presented by the Internet of Everything (IoE). The cloud radio access network (CRAN) has been proposed...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Fayad, Abdulhalim, Cinkler, Tibor, Rak, Jacek, Jha, Manish
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9740885/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36502096
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22239394
_version_ 1784848177905532928
author Fayad, Abdulhalim
Cinkler, Tibor
Rak, Jacek
Jha, Manish
author_facet Fayad, Abdulhalim
Cinkler, Tibor
Rak, Jacek
Jha, Manish
author_sort Fayad, Abdulhalim
collection PubMed
description Currently, 5G and the forthcoming 6G mobile communication systems are the most promising cellular generations expected to beat the growing hunger for bandwidth and enable the fully connected world presented by the Internet of Everything (IoE). The cloud radio access network (CRAN) has been proposed as a promising architecture for meeting the needs and goals of 5G/6G (5G and beyond) networks. Nevertheless, the provisioning of cost-efficient connections between a large number of remote radio heads (RRHs) in the cell sites and the baseband unit (BBU) pool in the central location, known as the fronthaul, has emerged as a new challenge. Many wired and wireless solutions have been proposed to address this bottleneck. Specifically, optical technologies presented by passive optical networks (PONs) are introduced as the best suitable solution for 5G and beyond network fronthaul due to their properties of providing high capacity and low latency connections. We considered time and wavelength division multiplexed passive optical networks (TWDM-PONs) as a fronthaul for 5G and beyond. Taking that into consideration, in this paper, we propose an integer linear program (ILP) that results in the optimal optical fronthaul deployment while minimizing the total cost of 5G and beyond instances. However, for larger network instances, solving the ILP problem becomes unscalable and time-consuming. To address that, we developed two heuristic-based algorithms (the K-means clustering algorithm and the one based on the genetic algorithm—GA). We evaluated the suitability of our proposed ILP and heuristic algorithms in simulations by utilizing them to plan different network instances (dense and sparse).
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-9740885
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2022
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-97408852022-12-11 Design of Cost-Efficient Optical Fronthaul for 5G/6G Networks: An Optimization Perspective Fayad, Abdulhalim Cinkler, Tibor Rak, Jacek Jha, Manish Sensors (Basel) Article Currently, 5G and the forthcoming 6G mobile communication systems are the most promising cellular generations expected to beat the growing hunger for bandwidth and enable the fully connected world presented by the Internet of Everything (IoE). The cloud radio access network (CRAN) has been proposed as a promising architecture for meeting the needs and goals of 5G/6G (5G and beyond) networks. Nevertheless, the provisioning of cost-efficient connections between a large number of remote radio heads (RRHs) in the cell sites and the baseband unit (BBU) pool in the central location, known as the fronthaul, has emerged as a new challenge. Many wired and wireless solutions have been proposed to address this bottleneck. Specifically, optical technologies presented by passive optical networks (PONs) are introduced as the best suitable solution for 5G and beyond network fronthaul due to their properties of providing high capacity and low latency connections. We considered time and wavelength division multiplexed passive optical networks (TWDM-PONs) as a fronthaul for 5G and beyond. Taking that into consideration, in this paper, we propose an integer linear program (ILP) that results in the optimal optical fronthaul deployment while minimizing the total cost of 5G and beyond instances. However, for larger network instances, solving the ILP problem becomes unscalable and time-consuming. To address that, we developed two heuristic-based algorithms (the K-means clustering algorithm and the one based on the genetic algorithm—GA). We evaluated the suitability of our proposed ILP and heuristic algorithms in simulations by utilizing them to plan different network instances (dense and sparse). MDPI 2022-12-01 /pmc/articles/PMC9740885/ /pubmed/36502096 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22239394 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Fayad, Abdulhalim
Cinkler, Tibor
Rak, Jacek
Jha, Manish
Design of Cost-Efficient Optical Fronthaul for 5G/6G Networks: An Optimization Perspective
title Design of Cost-Efficient Optical Fronthaul for 5G/6G Networks: An Optimization Perspective
title_full Design of Cost-Efficient Optical Fronthaul for 5G/6G Networks: An Optimization Perspective
title_fullStr Design of Cost-Efficient Optical Fronthaul for 5G/6G Networks: An Optimization Perspective
title_full_unstemmed Design of Cost-Efficient Optical Fronthaul for 5G/6G Networks: An Optimization Perspective
title_short Design of Cost-Efficient Optical Fronthaul for 5G/6G Networks: An Optimization Perspective
title_sort design of cost-efficient optical fronthaul for 5g/6g networks: an optimization perspective
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9740885/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36502096
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22239394
work_keys_str_mv AT fayadabdulhalim designofcostefficientopticalfronthaulfor5g6gnetworksanoptimizationperspective
AT cinklertibor designofcostefficientopticalfronthaulfor5g6gnetworksanoptimizationperspective
AT rakjacek designofcostefficientopticalfronthaulfor5g6gnetworksanoptimizationperspective
AT jhamanish designofcostefficientopticalfronthaulfor5g6gnetworksanoptimizationperspective