Seasonal Change in Adiponectin Associated with Ovarian Morphology and Function in Wild Ground Squirrels (Citellus dauricus Brandt)

The goal of this study is to explore the relationship between altered circulating adiponectin concentration, ovarian tissue morphology, ovarian steroidogenesis, and sex hormone production in ovaries of wild ground squirrels. The ovarian mass differed significantly during the breeding and non-breeding seasons, and the circulating estradiol and progesterone concentrations were significantly higher in the breeding season, while the circulating adiponectin level was significantly lower. The expression levels of gonadotropin receptors (FSHR and LHR) and steroidogenic enzymes (StAR, P450scc, P450arom, and 3β-HSD) were significantly higher during the breeding season. Comparing the ovarian transcriptome data of wild ground squirrels between the two periods, we found that some differentially expressed genes were enriched for ovarian steroidogenesis and the adipocytokine signaling pathway, which correlated with our present results. Notably, the MAPK signaling pathway was also enriched and its related genes (Erk1, p38 Mapk, Jnk) were up-regulated by qPCR during the non-breeding season. These findings suggested that adiponectin may be involved in the regulation of seasonal changes in the ovarian function of wild ground squirrels, possibly by acting on the MAPK signaling pathway to regulate sex steroidogenesis in the ovaries.