Transgene Was Silenced in Hybrids between Transgenic Herbicide-Resistant Crops and Their Wild Relatives Utilizing Alien Chromosomes

The commercialization of transgenic herbicide-resistant (HR) crops may cause gene flow risk. If a transgene in progenies of transgenic crops and wild relatives is silencing, these progenies should be killed by the target herbicide, thus, the gene flow risk could be decreased. We obtained the progenies of backcross generations between wild Brassca juncea (AABB, 2n = 36) and glufosinate-resistant transgenic Brassica napus (AACC, 2n = 38, PAT gene located on the C-chromosome). They carried the HR gene but did not express it normally, i.e., gene silencing occurred. Meanwhile, six to nine methylation sites were found on the promoter of PAT in transgene-silencing progenies, while no methylation sites occurred on that in transgene-expressing progenies. In addition, transgene expressing and silencing backcross progenies showed similar fitness with wild Brassica juncea. In conclusion, we elaborate on the occurrence of transgene-silencing event in backcross progenies between transgenic crop utilizing alien chromosomes and their wild relatives, and the DNA methylation of the transgene promoter was an important factor leading to gene silencing. The insertion site of the transgene could be considered a strategy to reduce the ecological risk of transgenic crops, and applied to cultivate lower gene flow HR crops in the future.