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Antimicrobial properties of a multi-component alloy
High traffic touch surfaces such as doorknobs, countertops, and handrails can be transmission points for the spread of pathogens, emphasizing the need to develop materials that actively self-sanitize. Metals are frequently used for these surfaces due to their durability, but many metals also possess...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Nature Publishing Group UK
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9741758/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36503913 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-25122-4 |
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author | Murray, Anne F. Bryan, Daniel Garfinkel, David A. Jorgensen, Cameron S. Tang, Nan Liyanage, WLNC Lass, Eric A. Yang, Ying Rack, Philip D. Denes, Thomas G. Gilbert, Dustin A. |
author_facet | Murray, Anne F. Bryan, Daniel Garfinkel, David A. Jorgensen, Cameron S. Tang, Nan Liyanage, WLNC Lass, Eric A. Yang, Ying Rack, Philip D. Denes, Thomas G. Gilbert, Dustin A. |
author_sort | Murray, Anne F. |
collection | PubMed |
description | High traffic touch surfaces such as doorknobs, countertops, and handrails can be transmission points for the spread of pathogens, emphasizing the need to develop materials that actively self-sanitize. Metals are frequently used for these surfaces due to their durability, but many metals also possess antimicrobial properties which function through a variety of mechanisms. This work investigates metallic alloys comprised of several metals which individually possess antimicrobial properties, with the target of achieving broad-spectrum, rapid sanitation through synergistic activity. An entropy-motivated stabilization paradigm is proposed to prepare scalable alloys of copper, silver, nickel and cobalt. Using combinatorial sputtering, thin-film alloys were prepared on 100 mm wafers with ≈50% compositional grading of each element across the wafer. The films were then annealed and investigated for alloy stability. Antimicrobial activity testing was performed on both the as-grown alloys and the annealed films using four microorganisms—Phi6, MS2, Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli—as surrogates for human viral and bacterial pathogens. Testing showed that after 30 s of contact with some of the test alloys, Phi6, an enveloped, single-stranded RNA bacteriophage that serves as a SARS-CoV-2 surrogate, was reduced up to 6.9 orders of magnitude (> 99.9999%). Additionally, the non-enveloped, double-stranded DNA bacteriophage MS2, and the Gram-negative E. coli and Gram-positive B. subtilis bacterial strains showed a 5.0, 6.4, and 5.7 log reduction in activity after 30, 20 and 10 min, respectively. Antimicrobial activity in the alloy samples showed a strong dependence on the composition, with the log reduction scaling directly with the Cu content. Concentration of Cu by phase separation after annealing improved activity in some of the samples. The results motivate a variety of themes which can be leveraged to design ideal antimicrobial surfaces. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9741758 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Nature Publishing Group UK |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-97417582022-12-12 Antimicrobial properties of a multi-component alloy Murray, Anne F. Bryan, Daniel Garfinkel, David A. Jorgensen, Cameron S. Tang, Nan Liyanage, WLNC Lass, Eric A. Yang, Ying Rack, Philip D. Denes, Thomas G. Gilbert, Dustin A. Sci Rep Article High traffic touch surfaces such as doorknobs, countertops, and handrails can be transmission points for the spread of pathogens, emphasizing the need to develop materials that actively self-sanitize. Metals are frequently used for these surfaces due to their durability, but many metals also possess antimicrobial properties which function through a variety of mechanisms. This work investigates metallic alloys comprised of several metals which individually possess antimicrobial properties, with the target of achieving broad-spectrum, rapid sanitation through synergistic activity. An entropy-motivated stabilization paradigm is proposed to prepare scalable alloys of copper, silver, nickel and cobalt. Using combinatorial sputtering, thin-film alloys were prepared on 100 mm wafers with ≈50% compositional grading of each element across the wafer. The films were then annealed and investigated for alloy stability. Antimicrobial activity testing was performed on both the as-grown alloys and the annealed films using four microorganisms—Phi6, MS2, Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli—as surrogates for human viral and bacterial pathogens. Testing showed that after 30 s of contact with some of the test alloys, Phi6, an enveloped, single-stranded RNA bacteriophage that serves as a SARS-CoV-2 surrogate, was reduced up to 6.9 orders of magnitude (> 99.9999%). Additionally, the non-enveloped, double-stranded DNA bacteriophage MS2, and the Gram-negative E. coli and Gram-positive B. subtilis bacterial strains showed a 5.0, 6.4, and 5.7 log reduction in activity after 30, 20 and 10 min, respectively. Antimicrobial activity in the alloy samples showed a strong dependence on the composition, with the log reduction scaling directly with the Cu content. Concentration of Cu by phase separation after annealing improved activity in some of the samples. The results motivate a variety of themes which can be leveraged to design ideal antimicrobial surfaces. Nature Publishing Group UK 2022-12-11 /pmc/articles/PMC9741758/ /pubmed/36503913 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-25122-4 Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Article Murray, Anne F. Bryan, Daniel Garfinkel, David A. Jorgensen, Cameron S. Tang, Nan Liyanage, WLNC Lass, Eric A. Yang, Ying Rack, Philip D. Denes, Thomas G. Gilbert, Dustin A. Antimicrobial properties of a multi-component alloy |
title | Antimicrobial properties of a multi-component alloy |
title_full | Antimicrobial properties of a multi-component alloy |
title_fullStr | Antimicrobial properties of a multi-component alloy |
title_full_unstemmed | Antimicrobial properties of a multi-component alloy |
title_short | Antimicrobial properties of a multi-component alloy |
title_sort | antimicrobial properties of a multi-component alloy |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9741758/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36503913 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-25122-4 |
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