Comparative Study of Helicobacter Pylori Resistance to Clarithromycin and Metronidazole and Its Association with Epidemiological Factors in A Moroccan Population

OBJECTIVE: Knowledge of local antibiotic resistance is crucial to the adaption of the effective empirical first-line treatment for Helicobacter Pylori (H. pylori) infection. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of H. pylori resistance to clarithromycin and compare it with that of metronidazole, and highlight the impact of epidemiological factors and gastric lesions severity on H. pylori resistance. METHODS: The susceptibility to clarithromycin of 96 isolates was determined by PCR-RFLP and the susceptibility to metronidazole of 185 isolates was determined by classic PCR. RESULT: Our results showed that the prevalence of H. pylori resistance to clarithromycin (‎14.6%) was low compared to that recorded with metronidazole (‎62.7%). Moreover, we remarked that 7.3% of isolates were co-resistant to both antibiotics. The assessment of epidemiological factors’ impact on the resistance to studied antibiotics has revealed no association. Besides, our results had demonstrated that the metronidazole and clarithromycin resistance was not related to the severity of gastric lesions. CONCLUSION: In our population, clarithromycin seems to be an effective antibiotic as long as the resistance rate of H. pylori is low. In contrast to metronidazole, it appears that this antibiotic will lose its efficacy, due to the high rate of resistance among our population. Therefore, each population must conduct their epidemiologic studies separately to survey the resistance profile of strains and choose the appropriate antibiotic, in order to avoid the failure of H. pylori eradication and the development of severe gastric diseases.