Vaccination coverage in children in the period before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil: a time series analysis and literature review

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the behavior of VCR and VCH, per municipality and per vaccines offered at the NVC, to identify priority areas for intervention. METHODS: Descriptive study of a time series, using secondary data and accompanied by a narrative review of the literature evaluating VCR and VCH. Vaccines offered to children under one year and to those aged one year in the pre-pandemic period of COVID-19 (2015 to 2019) were selected and compared to those offered during the pandemic period (2020 and 2021). RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS: The decrease in VCR and VCH is a process that precedes the COVID-19 pandemic but was intensified during this period. In 2021, the VCR was around 70% for most vaccines. This phenomenon encompasses the entire country; however, it is more intense in the states/municipalities located in the north and northeast regions, suggesting greater difficulty in accessing health services. CONCLUSIONS: Low and heterogeneous VCR requires the adoption of practices that were previously implemented, establishing partnerships with governmental and non-governmental institutions, with adequate communication, active search for non-compliance and non-adherence to the regular vaccination program, adopting intra- and extramural vaccination strategies, to reverse the current situation and reduce the risk of recurrence of diseases that have been already controlled and eliminated.