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Identification of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 breakthrough infections by anti-nucleocapsid antibody among fully vaccinated non-healthcare workers during the transition from the delta to omicron wave

Uncontrolled transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to the emergence of several variants of concern (VOC). As vaccine-induced neutralizing antibodies against VOC waned over time, breakthrough infections (BTIs) have been reported primarily among healthcar...

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Autores principales: Dai, Yu-Ching, Lin, Yen-Chia, Ching, Lauren L., Tseng, Alanna C., Qin, Yujia, Nerurkar, Vivek R., Wang, Wei-Kung
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9745036/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36523785
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2022.1019490
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author Dai, Yu-Ching
Lin, Yen-Chia
Ching, Lauren L.
Tseng, Alanna C.
Qin, Yujia
Nerurkar, Vivek R.
Wang, Wei-Kung
author_facet Dai, Yu-Ching
Lin, Yen-Chia
Ching, Lauren L.
Tseng, Alanna C.
Qin, Yujia
Nerurkar, Vivek R.
Wang, Wei-Kung
author_sort Dai, Yu-Ching
collection PubMed
description Uncontrolled transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to the emergence of several variants of concern (VOC). As vaccine-induced neutralizing antibodies against VOC waned over time, breakthrough infections (BTIs) have been reported primarily among healthcare workers or in long-term care facilities. Most BTIs were identified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) or antigen test for individuals experiencing symptoms, known as symptomatic BTIs. In this study, we detected seroconversion of anti-nucleocapsid (N) antibody to identify both symptomatic and asymptomatic BTIs in a cohort of COVID-19-naive university employees and students following two or three doses of mRNA vaccines. We reported 4 BTIs among 85 (4.7%) participants caused by the Omicron and Delta VOC during the transition from the Delta to Omicron wave of the pandemic; three were symptomatic and confirmed by RT-PCR test and one asymptomatic. A symptomatic reinfection two and half months after a BTI was found in one participant. Two of three symptomatic BTIs and the reinfection were confirmed by whole genome sequencing. All were supported by a >4-fold increase in neutralizing antibodies against the Delta or Omicron variant. Moreover, we found both symptomatic and asymptomatic BTIs can boost neutralizing antibodies against VOC with variable degrees ranging from 2.5- to 77.4-fold increase in neutralizing antibody titers. As BTIs continue, our findings highlight the application of anti-N antibody test to ongoing studies of immunity induced by spike-based vaccine, and provide new insights into the establishment of herd immunity in the community during the post-vaccination era.
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spelling pubmed-97450362022-12-14 Identification of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 breakthrough infections by anti-nucleocapsid antibody among fully vaccinated non-healthcare workers during the transition from the delta to omicron wave Dai, Yu-Ching Lin, Yen-Chia Ching, Lauren L. Tseng, Alanna C. Qin, Yujia Nerurkar, Vivek R. Wang, Wei-Kung Front Med (Lausanne) Medicine Uncontrolled transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to the emergence of several variants of concern (VOC). As vaccine-induced neutralizing antibodies against VOC waned over time, breakthrough infections (BTIs) have been reported primarily among healthcare workers or in long-term care facilities. Most BTIs were identified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) or antigen test for individuals experiencing symptoms, known as symptomatic BTIs. In this study, we detected seroconversion of anti-nucleocapsid (N) antibody to identify both symptomatic and asymptomatic BTIs in a cohort of COVID-19-naive university employees and students following two or three doses of mRNA vaccines. We reported 4 BTIs among 85 (4.7%) participants caused by the Omicron and Delta VOC during the transition from the Delta to Omicron wave of the pandemic; three were symptomatic and confirmed by RT-PCR test and one asymptomatic. A symptomatic reinfection two and half months after a BTI was found in one participant. Two of three symptomatic BTIs and the reinfection were confirmed by whole genome sequencing. All were supported by a >4-fold increase in neutralizing antibodies against the Delta or Omicron variant. Moreover, we found both symptomatic and asymptomatic BTIs can boost neutralizing antibodies against VOC with variable degrees ranging from 2.5- to 77.4-fold increase in neutralizing antibody titers. As BTIs continue, our findings highlight the application of anti-N antibody test to ongoing studies of immunity induced by spike-based vaccine, and provide new insights into the establishment of herd immunity in the community during the post-vaccination era. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-11-29 /pmc/articles/PMC9745036/ /pubmed/36523785 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2022.1019490 Text en Copyright © 2022 Dai, Lin, Ching, Tseng, Qin, Nerurkar and Wang. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Medicine
Dai, Yu-Ching
Lin, Yen-Chia
Ching, Lauren L.
Tseng, Alanna C.
Qin, Yujia
Nerurkar, Vivek R.
Wang, Wei-Kung
Identification of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 breakthrough infections by anti-nucleocapsid antibody among fully vaccinated non-healthcare workers during the transition from the delta to omicron wave
title Identification of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 breakthrough infections by anti-nucleocapsid antibody among fully vaccinated non-healthcare workers during the transition from the delta to omicron wave
title_full Identification of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 breakthrough infections by anti-nucleocapsid antibody among fully vaccinated non-healthcare workers during the transition from the delta to omicron wave
title_fullStr Identification of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 breakthrough infections by anti-nucleocapsid antibody among fully vaccinated non-healthcare workers during the transition from the delta to omicron wave
title_full_unstemmed Identification of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 breakthrough infections by anti-nucleocapsid antibody among fully vaccinated non-healthcare workers during the transition from the delta to omicron wave
title_short Identification of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 breakthrough infections by anti-nucleocapsid antibody among fully vaccinated non-healthcare workers during the transition from the delta to omicron wave
title_sort identification of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 breakthrough infections by anti-nucleocapsid antibody among fully vaccinated non-healthcare workers during the transition from the delta to omicron wave
topic Medicine
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9745036/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36523785
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2022.1019490
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