Management of Eustachian Tube Dysfunction: A Review

The Eustachian tube is a crucial pneumatic component of the head and neck region and is often neglected as an important site of insidious pathologies. In our literature review, we negotiate the management of eustachian tube dysfunction and explore the various therapeutic and surgical options available at our disposal. We begin by investigating the physiological nature of the eustachian tube and its role in the body's functioning. We also list and elaborate on the various pathologies affecting the Eustachian tube and its associated structures. The review then outlines eustachian tube dysfunction and discusses the pathophysiology involved in the genesis of the condition and its progression. Further, the review explores the tools most commonly used to diagnose or alleviate the condition, including, but not limited to, the Valsalva maneuver, Toynbee maneuver, tympanometry, pressure chamber test, and video nasopharyngoscopy. We also touch on The ETS-7 questionnaire and then on the various surgical interventions that may be used to manipulate the condition. The review also describes conventional tympanostomy and myringotomy, along with more novel techniques such as microwave ablation, laser eustachian tuboplasty, and balloon eustachian tuboplasty. We conclude by establishing the most favorable course of treatment in cases of eustachian tube dysfunction.