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Fermented Unpolished Black Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Inhibits Melanogenesis via ERK, p38, and AKT Phosphorylation in B16F10 Melanoma Cells
Melanin is a major factor that darkens skin color as one of the defense systems to prevent the harmful effects of UV light. However, darkened skin from the localized or systemic accumulation of melanin is viewed in many cultures as an esthetic problem. Consequentially, searching for anti- melanogeni...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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The Korean Society for Microbiology and Biotechnology
2020
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9745659/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32423183 http://dx.doi.org/10.4014/jmb.2003.03019 |
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author | Sangkaew, Orrarat Yompakdee, Chulee |
author_facet | Sangkaew, Orrarat Yompakdee, Chulee |
author_sort | Sangkaew, Orrarat |
collection | PubMed |
description | Melanin is a major factor that darkens skin color as one of the defense systems to prevent the harmful effects of UV light. However, darkened skin from the localized or systemic accumulation of melanin is viewed in many cultures as an esthetic problem. Consequentially, searching for anti- melanogenic agents from natural sources is very popular worldwide. Previous screening of fermented rice products, obtained from various rice cultivars fermented with different sources of loog-pang (Thai traditional fermentation starter), revealed that the highest ability to reduce the melanin content in B16F10 melanoma cells was from unpolished black rice fermented with a defined starter mixture of microbes isolated from loog-pang E11. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of the fermented unpolished black rice (FUBR) on the inhibition of melanogenesis in B16F10 melanoma cells. The strongest reduction of cellular melanin content was found in the FUBR sap (FUBRS). The melanin reduction activity was consistent with the significant decrease in the intracellular tyrosinase activity. The FUBRS showed no cytotoxic effect to B16F10 melanoma or Hs68 human fibroblast cell lines. It also significantly reduced the transcript and protein expression levels of tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TYRP-1), TYRP-2, and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor. Furthermore, it induced a significantly increased level of phosphorylated ERK, p38 and Akt signaling pathways, which likely contributed to the negative regulation of melanogenesis. From these results, a model for the mechanism of FUBRS on melanogenesis inhibition was proposed. Moreover, these results strongly suggested that FUBRS possesses anti- melanogenesis activity with high potential for cosmeceutical application as a skin depigmenting agent. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9745659 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | The Korean Society for Microbiology and Biotechnology |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-97456592022-12-13 Fermented Unpolished Black Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Inhibits Melanogenesis via ERK, p38, and AKT Phosphorylation in B16F10 Melanoma Cells Sangkaew, Orrarat Yompakdee, Chulee J Microbiol Biotechnol Research article Melanin is a major factor that darkens skin color as one of the defense systems to prevent the harmful effects of UV light. However, darkened skin from the localized or systemic accumulation of melanin is viewed in many cultures as an esthetic problem. Consequentially, searching for anti- melanogenic agents from natural sources is very popular worldwide. Previous screening of fermented rice products, obtained from various rice cultivars fermented with different sources of loog-pang (Thai traditional fermentation starter), revealed that the highest ability to reduce the melanin content in B16F10 melanoma cells was from unpolished black rice fermented with a defined starter mixture of microbes isolated from loog-pang E11. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of the fermented unpolished black rice (FUBR) on the inhibition of melanogenesis in B16F10 melanoma cells. The strongest reduction of cellular melanin content was found in the FUBR sap (FUBRS). The melanin reduction activity was consistent with the significant decrease in the intracellular tyrosinase activity. The FUBRS showed no cytotoxic effect to B16F10 melanoma or Hs68 human fibroblast cell lines. It also significantly reduced the transcript and protein expression levels of tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TYRP-1), TYRP-2, and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor. Furthermore, it induced a significantly increased level of phosphorylated ERK, p38 and Akt signaling pathways, which likely contributed to the negative regulation of melanogenesis. From these results, a model for the mechanism of FUBRS on melanogenesis inhibition was proposed. Moreover, these results strongly suggested that FUBRS possesses anti- melanogenesis activity with high potential for cosmeceutical application as a skin depigmenting agent. The Korean Society for Microbiology and Biotechnology 2020-08-28 2020-05-08 /pmc/articles/PMC9745659/ /pubmed/32423183 http://dx.doi.org/10.4014/jmb.2003.03019 Text en Copyright © 2020 The Korean Society for Microbiology and Biotechnology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Research article Sangkaew, Orrarat Yompakdee, Chulee Fermented Unpolished Black Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Inhibits Melanogenesis via ERK, p38, and AKT Phosphorylation in B16F10 Melanoma Cells |
title | Fermented Unpolished Black Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Inhibits Melanogenesis via ERK, p38, and AKT Phosphorylation in B16F10 Melanoma Cells |
title_full | Fermented Unpolished Black Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Inhibits Melanogenesis via ERK, p38, and AKT Phosphorylation in B16F10 Melanoma Cells |
title_fullStr | Fermented Unpolished Black Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Inhibits Melanogenesis via ERK, p38, and AKT Phosphorylation in B16F10 Melanoma Cells |
title_full_unstemmed | Fermented Unpolished Black Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Inhibits Melanogenesis via ERK, p38, and AKT Phosphorylation in B16F10 Melanoma Cells |
title_short | Fermented Unpolished Black Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Inhibits Melanogenesis via ERK, p38, and AKT Phosphorylation in B16F10 Melanoma Cells |
title_sort | fermented unpolished black rice (oryza sativa l.) inhibits melanogenesis via erk, p38, and akt phosphorylation in b16f10 melanoma cells |
topic | Research article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9745659/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32423183 http://dx.doi.org/10.4014/jmb.2003.03019 |
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