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Real-world Evidence of the Effects of Novel Treatments for COVID-19 on Mortality: A Nationwide Comparative Cohort Study of Hospitalized Patients in the First, Second, Third, and Fourth Waves in the Netherlands
BACKGROUND: Large clinical trials on drugs for hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients have shown significant effects on mortality. There may be a discrepancy with the observed real-world effect. We describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of hospitalized COVID-19 patient...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Oxford University Press
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9745783/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36519114 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofac632 |
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author | Slim, Marleen A Appelman, Brent Peters-Sengers, Hessel Dongelmans, Dave A de Keizer, Nicolette F Schade, Rogier P de Boer, Mark G J Müller, Marcella C A Vlaar, Alexander P J Wiersinga, W Joost van Vught, Lonneke A |
author_facet | Slim, Marleen A Appelman, Brent Peters-Sengers, Hessel Dongelmans, Dave A de Keizer, Nicolette F Schade, Rogier P de Boer, Mark G J Müller, Marcella C A Vlaar, Alexander P J Wiersinga, W Joost van Vught, Lonneke A |
author_sort | Slim, Marleen A |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Large clinical trials on drugs for hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients have shown significant effects on mortality. There may be a discrepancy with the observed real-world effect. We describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of hospitalized COVID-19 patients in the Netherlands during 4 pandemic waves and analyze the association of the newly introduced treatments with mortality, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and discharge alive. METHODS: We conducted a nationwide retrospective analysis of hospitalized COVID-19 patients between February 27, 2020, and December 31, 2021. Patients were categorized into waves and into treatment groups (hydroxychloroquine, remdesivir, neutralizing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 monoclonal antibodies, corticosteroids, and interleukin [IL]-6 antagonists). Four types of Cox regression analyses were used: unadjusted, adjusted, propensity matched, and propensity weighted. RESULTS: Among 5643 patients from 11 hospitals, we observed a changing epidemiology during 4 pandemic waves, with a decrease in median age (67–64 years; P < .001), in in-hospital mortality on the ward (21%–15%; P < .001), and a trend in the ICU (24%–16%; P = .148). In ward patients, hydroxychloroquine was associated with increased mortality (1.54; 95% CI, 1.22–1.96), and remdesivir was associated with a higher rate of discharge alive within 29 days (1.16; 95% CI, 1.03–1.31). Corticosteroids were associated with a decrease in mortality (0.82; 95% CI, 0.69–0.96); the results of IL-6 antagonists were inconclusive. In patients directly admitted to the ICU, hydroxychloroquine, corticosteroids, and IL-6 antagonists were not associated with decreased mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Both remdesivir and corticosteroids were associated with better outcomes in ward patients with COVID-19. Continuous evaluation of real-world treatment effects is needed. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9745783 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Oxford University Press |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-97457832022-12-13 Real-world Evidence of the Effects of Novel Treatments for COVID-19 on Mortality: A Nationwide Comparative Cohort Study of Hospitalized Patients in the First, Second, Third, and Fourth Waves in the Netherlands Slim, Marleen A Appelman, Brent Peters-Sengers, Hessel Dongelmans, Dave A de Keizer, Nicolette F Schade, Rogier P de Boer, Mark G J Müller, Marcella C A Vlaar, Alexander P J Wiersinga, W Joost van Vught, Lonneke A Open Forum Infect Dis Major Article BACKGROUND: Large clinical trials on drugs for hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients have shown significant effects on mortality. There may be a discrepancy with the observed real-world effect. We describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of hospitalized COVID-19 patients in the Netherlands during 4 pandemic waves and analyze the association of the newly introduced treatments with mortality, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and discharge alive. METHODS: We conducted a nationwide retrospective analysis of hospitalized COVID-19 patients between February 27, 2020, and December 31, 2021. Patients were categorized into waves and into treatment groups (hydroxychloroquine, remdesivir, neutralizing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 monoclonal antibodies, corticosteroids, and interleukin [IL]-6 antagonists). Four types of Cox regression analyses were used: unadjusted, adjusted, propensity matched, and propensity weighted. RESULTS: Among 5643 patients from 11 hospitals, we observed a changing epidemiology during 4 pandemic waves, with a decrease in median age (67–64 years; P < .001), in in-hospital mortality on the ward (21%–15%; P < .001), and a trend in the ICU (24%–16%; P = .148). In ward patients, hydroxychloroquine was associated with increased mortality (1.54; 95% CI, 1.22–1.96), and remdesivir was associated with a higher rate of discharge alive within 29 days (1.16; 95% CI, 1.03–1.31). Corticosteroids were associated with a decrease in mortality (0.82; 95% CI, 0.69–0.96); the results of IL-6 antagonists were inconclusive. In patients directly admitted to the ICU, hydroxychloroquine, corticosteroids, and IL-6 antagonists were not associated with decreased mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Both remdesivir and corticosteroids were associated with better outcomes in ward patients with COVID-19. Continuous evaluation of real-world treatment effects is needed. Oxford University Press 2022-11-22 /pmc/articles/PMC9745783/ /pubmed/36519114 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofac632 Text en © The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Infectious Diseases Society of America. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial reproduction and distribution of the work, in any medium, provided the original work is not altered or transformed in any way, and that the work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com |
spellingShingle | Major Article Slim, Marleen A Appelman, Brent Peters-Sengers, Hessel Dongelmans, Dave A de Keizer, Nicolette F Schade, Rogier P de Boer, Mark G J Müller, Marcella C A Vlaar, Alexander P J Wiersinga, W Joost van Vught, Lonneke A Real-world Evidence of the Effects of Novel Treatments for COVID-19 on Mortality: A Nationwide Comparative Cohort Study of Hospitalized Patients in the First, Second, Third, and Fourth Waves in the Netherlands |
title | Real-world Evidence of the Effects of Novel Treatments for COVID-19 on Mortality: A Nationwide Comparative Cohort Study of Hospitalized Patients in the First, Second, Third, and Fourth Waves in the Netherlands |
title_full | Real-world Evidence of the Effects of Novel Treatments for COVID-19 on Mortality: A Nationwide Comparative Cohort Study of Hospitalized Patients in the First, Second, Third, and Fourth Waves in the Netherlands |
title_fullStr | Real-world Evidence of the Effects of Novel Treatments for COVID-19 on Mortality: A Nationwide Comparative Cohort Study of Hospitalized Patients in the First, Second, Third, and Fourth Waves in the Netherlands |
title_full_unstemmed | Real-world Evidence of the Effects of Novel Treatments for COVID-19 on Mortality: A Nationwide Comparative Cohort Study of Hospitalized Patients in the First, Second, Third, and Fourth Waves in the Netherlands |
title_short | Real-world Evidence of the Effects of Novel Treatments for COVID-19 on Mortality: A Nationwide Comparative Cohort Study of Hospitalized Patients in the First, Second, Third, and Fourth Waves in the Netherlands |
title_sort | real-world evidence of the effects of novel treatments for covid-19 on mortality: a nationwide comparative cohort study of hospitalized patients in the first, second, third, and fourth waves in the netherlands |
topic | Major Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9745783/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36519114 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofac632 |
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