Disparities in full immunization coverage among urban and rural children aged 12-23 months in southwest Ethiopia: A comparative cross-sectional study

Vaccination coverage worldwide fell from 86% in 2019 to 83% in 2020. The purpose of this research was to determine the level of full immunization coverage among children aged 12 to 23 months in both urban and rural Southwest Ethiopia. A comparative cross-sectional study of sampled 644 children aged 12 to 23 months was conducted in the community (296 from urban areas and 348 from rural areas). Chi-square testing was used to determine whether there was a significant difference in full immunization coverage between urban and rural children, and binary logistic regression was used to identify predictors of full immunization. This study included 635 caregivers of children aged 12–23 months (292 from urban areas and 343 from rural areas), yielding a 98.4% response rate. The overall, full immunization coverage among the whole children was 66.1%. There was a significant difference in fully immunization coverage between urban 74.3% and rural 59.2% of children (χ2 = 16.126, P = .000). Residence, wealth index, ANC follow up and fear of COVID 19 infection at health institutions were predictor variables for overall full vaccination. Knowledge and place of delivery were predictor variables for full vaccination in the urban area whereas distance and male partner involvement in the rural area. Vaccination coverage was higher in urban compared to rural areas but it is still far below the WHO recommended target. Promoting male involvement, health education, and communication are crucial for alleviating poor knowledge about child immunization.